#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cmath>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <queue>
#include <deque>
#include <cstdio>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <bitset>
#include <stack>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
int main() {
	int t;
	cin >> t;
	for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {
		long long n, k;
		cin >> n >> k;
		long long x = 2;
		long long y = k;
		long long ans = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
			if ((y & 1) == 1) {
				ans = ans * x % 998244353;
			}
			x = x * x % 998244353;
			y >>= 1;
		}
		ans = (ans + 998244352) % 998244353;
		x = 2;
		y = n - 1;
		long long ans1 = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
			if ((y & 1) == 1) {
				ans1 = ans1 * x % 998244353;
			}
			x = x * x % 998244353;
			y >>= 1;
		}
		x = ans1;
		y = k;
		ans1 = 1;
		while (y > 0) {
			if ((y & 1) == 1) {
				ans1 = ans1 * x % 998244353;
			}
			x = x * x % 998244353;
			y >>= 1;
		}
		ans *= ans1;
		ans %= 998244353;
		ans *= n;
		ans %= 998244353;
		cout << ans << endl;
	}
}