#include using i32 = int; using u32 = unsigned int; using i64 = long long; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; using f64 = double; using f80 = long double; using f128 = __float128; using uint = unsigned int; using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; using ld = long double; using LL = __int128_t; using ULL = __uint128_t; template using max_heap = std::priority_queue; template using min_heap = std::priority_queue, std::greater>; struct moddinfo { u32 mod{1}, r2{1}, inv{1}; void set_mod(const u32 nmod) { assert(nmod < (1U << 30)), assert(nmod & 1); mod = nmod, r2 = -u64(mod) % mod; inv = mod; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { inv *= 2 - mod * inv; } assert(inv * mod == 1); } u32 reduce(const u64 x) const { return (x + u64(u32(x) * u32(-inv)) * mod) >> 32; } }; template class moddint { public: static constexpr const u32& mod = info.mod; constexpr moddint() : m_val{0} {} constexpr moddint(const i64 v) : m_val{info.reduce(u64(v % mod + mod) * info.r2)} {} constexpr moddint operator-() const { return moddint{} - (*this); } constexpr moddint& operator+=(const moddint& m) { if (i32(m_val += m.m_val - 2 * mod) < 0) { m_val += 2 * mod; } return *this; } constexpr moddint& operator-=(const moddint& m) { if (i32(m_val -= m.m_val) < 0) { m_val += 2 * mod; } return *this; } constexpr moddint& operator*=(const moddint& m) { return m_val = info.reduce(u64(m_val) * m.m_val), *this; } constexpr moddint& operator/=(const moddint& m) { return *this *= m.inv(); } constexpr moddint operator+(const moddint& m) const { return moddint{*this} += m; } constexpr moddint operator-(const moddint& m) const { return moddint{*this} -= m; } constexpr moddint operator*(const moddint& m) const { return moddint{*this} *= m; } constexpr moddint operator/(const moddint& m) const { return moddint{*this} /= m; } constexpr bool operator==(const moddint& m) const { return (m_val >= mod ? m_val - mod : m_val) == (m.m_val >= mod ? m.m_val - mod : m.m_val); } constexpr bool operator!=(const moddint& m) const { return not(*this == m); } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, moddint& m) { i64 v; return is >> v, m = v, is; } friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const moddint& m) { return os << m(); } constexpr u32 get() const { const u32 m = info.reduce(m_val); return m >= mod ? m - mod : m; } constexpr u32 operator()() const { return get(); } constexpr moddint pow(u64 n) const { moddint ans = 1; for (moddint x = *this; n > 0; n >>= 1, x *= x) { if (n & 1) { ans *= x; } } return ans; } constexpr moddint inv() const { return pow(mod - 2); } private: u32 m_val; }; struct moddinfo64 { u64 mod{1}, r2{1}, inv{1}; void set_mod(const u64 nmod) { assert(nmod < (1ULL << 62)), assert(nmod & 1); mod = nmod, r2 = -u128(mod) % mod; inv = mod; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { inv *= 2 - mod * inv; } assert(inv * mod == 1); } u64 reduce(const u128& x) const { return (x + u128((u64)x * -inv) * mod) >> 64; } }; template class moddint64 { public: static constexpr const u64& mod = info.mod; constexpr moddint64() : m_val{0} {} constexpr moddint64(const i64 v) : m_val{info.reduce((u128(v) + mod) * info.r2)} {} constexpr moddint64 operator-() const { return moddint64{} - (*this); } constexpr moddint64& operator+=(const moddint64& m) { if (i64(m_val += m.m_val - 2 * mod) < 0) { m_val += 2 * mod; } return *this; } constexpr moddint64& operator-=(const moddint64& m) { if (i64(m_val -= m.m_val) < 0) { m_val += 2 * mod; } return *this; } constexpr moddint64& operator*=(const moddint64& m) { return m_val = info.reduce(u128(m_val) * m.m_val), *this; } constexpr moddint64& operator/=(const moddint64& m) { return *this *= m.inv(); } constexpr moddint64 operator+(const moddint64& m) const { return moddint64{*this} += m; } constexpr moddint64 operator-(const moddint64& m) const { return moddint64{*this} -= m; } constexpr moddint64 operator*(const moddint64& m) const { return moddint64{*this} *= m; } constexpr moddint64 operator/(const moddint64& m) const { return moddint64{*this} /= m; } constexpr bool operator==(const moddint64& m) const { return (m_val >= mod ? m_val - mod : m_val) == (m.m_val >= mod ? m.m_val - mod : m.m_val); } constexpr bool operator!=(const moddint64& m) const { return not(*this == m); } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is, moddint64& m) { i64 v; return is >> v, m = v, is; } friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const moddint64& m) { return os << m(); } constexpr u64 get() const { const u64 m = info.reduce(m_val); return m >= mod ? m - mod : m; } constexpr u64 operator()() const { return get(); } constexpr moddint64 pow(u128 n) const { moddint64 ans = 1; for (moddint64 x = *this; n > 0; n >>= 1, x *= x) { if (n & 1) { ans *= x; } } return ans; } constexpr moddint64 inv() const { return pow(mod - 2); } private: u64 m_val; }; template class hashmap { public: hashmap() = default; V& operator[](const K& k) { for (uint i = hash(k);; (i += 1) &= (N - 1)) { if (not m_used.test(i)) { m_keys[i] = k, m_used.set(i); return m_vals[i] = V{}; } if (m_keys[i] == k) { return m_vals[i]; } } } void erase(const K& k) const { uint i = 0; for (i = hash(k); m_used.test(i) and m_keys[i] != k; (i += 1) &= (N - 1)) {} if (m_used.test(i) and m_keys[i] == k) { m_used.reset(i); } } int count(const K& k) const { uint i = 0; for (i = hash(k); m_used.test(i) and m_keys[i] != k; (i += 1) &= (N - 1)) {} return m_used.test(i) and m_keys[i] == k; } private: static constexpr int N = 1 << LG; static constexpr ull r = 11995408973635179863ULL; static constexpr uint hash(const ull a) { return (a * r) >> (64 - LG); } std::bitset m_used; K m_keys[N]; V m_vals[N]; }; template constexpr T inverse(const T a, const T mod) { return a == 1 ? T{1} : ((a - inverse(mod % a, a)) * mod + 1) / a; } template constexpr std::pair extgcd(const T a, const T b) { if (a == 0) { return -1 / b; } if (b == 0) { return 1 / a; } const T x = inverse(a, b), y = (a * x - 1) / b; return {x, y}; } constexpr int popcount(const ull v) { return v ? __builtin_popcountll(v) : 0; } constexpr int log2p1(const ull v) { return v ? 64 - __builtin_clzll(v) : 0; } constexpr int lsbp1(const ull v) { return __builtin_ffsll(v); } constexpr int clog(const ull v) { return v ? log2p1(v - 1) : 0; } constexpr ull ceil2(const ull v) { return 1ULL << clog(v); } constexpr ull floor2(const ull v) { return v ? (1ULL << (log2p1(v) - 1)) : 0ULL; } constexpr bool ispow2(const ull v) { return (v & (v - 1)) == 0; } constexpr bool btest(const ull mask, const int ind) { return (mask >> ind) & 1ULL; } template class rng_base { public: using result_type = typename Rng::result_type; static constexpr result_type min() { return Rng::min(); } static constexpr result_type max() { return Rng::max(); } rng_base() : rng_base(std::random_device{}()) {} rng_base(const std::random_device::result_type seed) : m_rng(seed) {} ~rng_base() = default; result_type operator()() { return m_rng(); } result_type val(const result_type max = std::numeric_limits::max()) { if (max == std::numeric_limits::max()) { return m_rng(); } const result_type mask = ceil2(max + 1) - 1; while (true) { const result_type ans = m_rng() & mask; if (ans <= max) { return ans; } } } template T val(const T min, const T max) { return min + T(val(max - min)); } operator bool() { return val(0, 1); } template std::pair pair(const T min, const T max) { return std::minmax(val(min, max), val(min, max)); } template std::vector vec(const int n, const T min, const T max) { std::vector vs(n); for (auto& v : vs) { v = val(min, max); } return vs; } private: Rng m_rng; }; rng_base rng; rng_base rng64; template inline bool miller_rabin(const u64 n, const std::vector& as) { auto d = n - 1; for (; (d & 1) == 0; d >>= 1) {} for (const u64 a : as) { if (n <= a) { break; } auto s = d; mint x = mint(a).pow(s); while (x.get() != 1 and x.get() != n - 1 and s != n - 1) { x *= x, s <<= 1; } if (x.get() != n - 1 and s % 2 == 0) { return false; } } return true; } inline bool is_prime(const u64 n) { static moddinfo info; static moddinfo64 info64; using mint = moddint; using mint64 = moddint64; if (n == 1) { return false; } if ((n & 1) == 0) { return n == 2; } if (n < (1ULL << 30)) { info.set_mod(n); return miller_rabin(n, {2, 7, 61}); } else { info64.set_mod(n); return miller_rabin(n, {2, 325, 9375, 28178, 450775, 9780504}); } } template u64 pollard_rho(const u64 n) { if (n % 2 == 0) { return 2; } if (is_prime(n)) { return n; } mint c; auto f = [&](const mint x) { return x * x + c; }; while (true) { mint x, y, ys, q = 1; y = rng.val(0, n - 2) + 2, c = rng.val(0, n - 2) + 2; u64 d = 1; constexpr u32 dk = 128; for (u32 r = 1; d == 1; r <<= 1) { x = y; for (u32 i = 0; i < r; i++) { y = f(y); } for (u32 k = 0; k < r and d == 1; k += dk) { ys = y; for (u32 i = 0; i < dk and i < r - k; i++) { q *= x - (y = f(y)); } d = std::gcd((u64)q.get(), n); } } if (d == n) { do { d = std::gcd(u64((x - (ys = f(ys))).get()), n); } while (d == 1); } if (d != n) { return d; } } return n; } std::map prime_factors(const u64 n) { static moddinfo info; static moddinfo64 info64; using mint = moddint; using mint64 = moddint64; std::map ans; auto fac = [&](auto self, ull x) -> void { while ((x & 1) == 0) { x >>= 1, ans[2]++; } if (x == 1) { return; } u64 p; if (x < (1ULL << 30)) { info.set_mod(x); p = pollard_rho(x); } else { info64.set_mod(x); p = pollard_rho(x); } if (p == x) { return ans[p]++, void(0); } self(self, p), self(self, x / p); }; return fac(fac, n), ans; } template mint mod_nthroot(mint A, ull k) { const ull P = mint::mod; if (A == 0) { return 0; } if (k == 0) { return A; } const ull g = std::gcd(P - 1, k); if (A.pow((P - 1) / g)() != 1) { return 0; } A = A.pow(inverse(k / g, (P - 1) / g)); if (g == 1) { return A; } const auto fs = prime_factors(g); for (const auto& [p, e] : fs) { ull pe = 1; for (int i = 0; i < e; i++) { pe *= p; } ull q = P - 1, Q = 0; while (q % p == 0) { q /= p, Q++; } const ull y = pe - inverse(q, pe), z = ((ULL)y * q + 1) / (ULL)pe; mint X = A.pow(z); if ((int)Q == e) { A = X; continue; } mint Eraser = 1; const ull h = (P - 1) / p; for (mint Z = 2;; Z += 1) { if (Z.pow(h) != 1) { Eraser = Z.pow(q); break; } } mint Error = A.pow((ULL)y * q); mint pEraser = Eraser; for (ull i = 0; i < Q - 1; i++) { pEraser = pEraser.pow(p); } const mint ipEraser = pEraser.inv(); hashmap memo; { const ull M = std::max(1ULL, (ull)(std::sqrt(p) * std::sqrt(Q - e))), B = std::max(1ULL, ((ull)p - 1) / M); const mint ppEraser = pEraser.pow(B); mint prod = 1; for (ull i = 0; i < p; i += B, prod *= ppEraser) { memo[prod()] = i; } } while (Error() != 1) { ull l = 0; mint pError = Error; for (ull i = 0; i < Q; i++) { const auto npError = pError.pow(p); if (npError == 1) { l = Q - (i + 1); break; } pError = npError; } ull c = -1; { mint small = pError.inv(); for (ull j = 0;; j++, small *= ipEraser) { if (memo.count(small())) { const ull i = memo[small()]; c = i + j; break; } } } auto pEraser2 = Eraser.pow(c); for (ull i = 0; i < l - e; i++) { pEraser2 = pEraser2.pow(p); } X *= pEraser2, Error *= pEraser2.pow(pe); } A = X; } return A; } class printer { public: printer() { for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) { for (int j = i, t = 3; t >= 0; t--, j /= 10) { m_dict[i * 4 + t] = (j % 10) + '0'; } } } ~printer() { flush(); } template int ln(const Args&... args) { return dump(args...), put_char('\n'), 0; } template int el(const Args&... args) { return dump(args...), put_char('\n'), flush(), 0; } private: using ll = long long; using ull = unsigned long long; static constexpr ull TEN(const int d) { return d == 0 ? 1ULL : TEN(d - 1) * 10ULL; } void flush() { fwrite(m_memory, 1, m_tail, stdout), m_tail = 0; } void put_char(const char c) { m_memory[m_tail++] = c; } static constexpr int dn(const ull x) { return x < TEN(10) ? x < TEN(5) ? x < TEN(2) ? x < TEN(1) ? 1 : 2 : x < TEN(3) ? 3 : x < TEN(4) ? 4 : 5 : x < TEN(7) ? x < TEN(6) ? 6 : 7 : x < TEN(8) ? 8 : x < TEN(9) ? 9 : 10 : x < TEN(14) ? x < TEN(12) ? x < TEN(11) ? 11 : 12 : x < TEN(13) ? 13 : 14 : x < TEN(16) ? x < TEN(15) ? 15 : 16 : x < TEN(17) ? 17 : x < TEN(18) ? 18 : 19; } void dump(const char* s) { dump(std::string{s}); } void dump(const std::string& s) { for (const char c : s) { put_char(c); } } template void dump(T v) { if (C - m_tail < 50) { flush(); } if (v < 0) { put_char('-'), v = -v; } const auto d = dn(v); int i = d - 4; for (i = d - 4; i >= 0; i -= 4, v /= 10000) { memcpy(m_memory + m_tail + i, m_dict + (v % 10000) * 4, 4); } memcpy(m_memory + m_tail, m_dict + v * 4 - i, i + 4); m_tail += d; } template void dump(const std::vector& vs) { for (int i = 0; i < (int)vs.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) { put_char(' '); } dump(vs[i]); } } template void dump(const std::vector>& vss) { for (int i = 0; i < (int)vss.size(); i++) { if (i > 0) { put_char('\n'); } dump(vss[i]); } } template void dump(const T& v, const Args&... args) { return dump(v), put_char(' '), dump(args...), void(0); } static constexpr int C = 1 << 18; int m_tail = 0; char m_memory[C]; char m_dict[10000 * 4]; } out; class scanner { public: scanner() {} template T val() { if (m_tail - m_head < 40) { disk_read(); } char c = get_char(); const bool neg = (c == '-'); if (neg) { c = get_char(); } T ans = 0; while (c >= '0') { ans = ans * T{10} + (c - '0'); c = get_char(); } return (neg ? -ans : ans); } template T val(const T offset) { return val() - offset; } template std::vector vec(const int n) { return make_v(n, [this]() { return val(); }); } template std::vector vec(const int n, const T offset) { return make_v(n, [this, offset]() { return val(offset); }); } template std::vector> vvec(const int n0, const int n1) { return make_v>(n0, [this, n1]() { return vec(n1); }); } template std::vector> vvec(const int n0, const int n1, const T offset) { return make_v>(n0, [this, n1, offset]() { return vec(n1, offset); }); } template auto tup() { return std::tuple...>{val()...}; } template auto tup(const Args&... offsets) { return std::tuple...>{val(offsets)...}; } private: template std::vector make_v(const int n, F f) { std::vector ans; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { ans.push_back(f()); } return ans; } char get_char() { return m_memory[m_head++]; } void disk_read() { std::copy(m_memory + m_head, m_memory + m_tail, m_memory); m_tail -= m_head, m_head = 0; m_tail += fread(m_memory + m_tail, 1, C - m_tail, stdin); } static constexpr int C = 1 << 18; int m_head = 0, m_tail = 0; char m_memory[C]; } in; moddinfo info; using mint = moddint; moddinfo64 info64; using mint64 = moddint64; int main() { const int T = in.val(); for (int t = 0; t < T; t++) { const auto [P, K, A] = in.tup(); info.set_mod(P); if (P < (1ULL << 30)) { info.set_mod(P); const mint ans = mod_nthroot(mint{A}, K); if (ans.pow(K) == A) { out.ln(ans()); } else { out.ln(-1); } } else { info64.set_mod(P); const mint64 ans = mod_nthroot(mint64{A}, K); if (ans.pow(K) == A) { out.ln(ans()); } else { out.ln(-1); } } } return 0; }