#include using namespace std; #ifdef __linux__ #define getchar getchar_unlocked #define putchar putchar_unlocked #endif template Z getint() { char c = getchar(); bool neg = c == '-'; Z res = neg ? 0 : c - '0'; while (isdigit(c = getchar())) res = res * 10 + (c - '0'); return neg ? -res : res; } template void putint(Z a, char c = '\n') { if (a < 0) putchar('-'), a = -a; int d[40], i = 0; do d[i++] = a % 10; while (a /= 10); while (i--) putchar('0' + d[i]); putchar(c); } template vector operator-(vector a) { for (auto&& e : a) e = -e; return a; } template vector& operator+=(vector& l, const vector& r) { l.resize(max(l.size(), r.size())); for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); ++i) l[i] += r[i]; return l; } template vector operator+(vector l, const vector& r) { return l += r; } template vector& operator-=(vector& l, const vector& r) { l.resize(max(l.size(), r.size())); for (int i = 0; i < (int)r.size(); ++i) l[i] -= r[i]; return l; } template vector operator-(vector l, const vector& r) { return l -= r; } template vector& operator<<=(vector& a, size_t n) { return a.insert(begin(a), n, 0), a; } template vector operator<<(vector a, size_t n) { return a <<= n; } template vector& operator>>=(vector& a, size_t n) { return a.erase(begin(a), begin(a) + min(a.size(), n)), a; } template vector operator>>(vector a, size_t n) { return a >>= n; } template vector operator*(const vector& l, const vector& r) { if (l.empty() or r.empty()) return {}; vector res(l.size() + r.size() - 1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)l.size(); ++i) for (int j = 0; j < (int)r.size(); ++j) res[i + j] += l[i] * r[j]; return res; } template vector& operator*=(vector& l, const vector& r) { return l = l * r; } template vector inverse(const vector& a) { assert(not a.empty() and not (a[0] == 0)); vector b{1 / a[0]}; while (b.size() < a.size()) { vector x(begin(a), begin(a) + min(a.size(), 2 * b.size())); x *= b * b; b.resize(2 * b.size()); for (auto i = b.size() / 2; i < min(x.size(), b.size()); ++i) b[i] = -x[i]; } return {begin(b), begin(b) + a.size()}; } template vector operator/(vector l, vector r) { if (l.size() < r.size()) return {}; reverse(begin(l), end(l)), reverse(begin(r), end(r)); int n = l.size() - r.size() + 1; l.resize(n), r.resize(n); l *= inverse(r); return {rend(l) - n, rend(l)}; } template vector& operator/=(vector& l, const vector& r) { return l = l / r; } template vector operator%(vector l, const vector& r) { if (l.size() < r.size()) return l; l -= l / r * r; return {begin(l), begin(l) + (r.size() - 1)}; } template vector& operator%=(vector& l, const vector& r) { return l = l % r; } template vector derivative(const vector& a) { vector res(max((int)a.size() - 1, 0)); for (int i = 0; i < (int)res.size(); ++i) res[i] = (i + 1) * a[i + 1]; return res; } template vector primitive(const vector& a) { vector res(a.size() + 1); for (int i = 1; i < (int)res.size(); ++i) res[i] = a[i - 1] / i; return res; } template vector logarithm(const vector& a) { assert(not a.empty() and a[0] == 1); auto res = primitive(derivative(a) * inverse(a)); return {begin(res), begin(res) + a.size()}; } template vector exponent(const vector& a) { assert(a.empty() or a[0] == 0); vector b{1}; while (b.size() < a.size()) { vector x(begin(a), begin(a) + min(a.size(), 2 * b.size())); x[0] += 1; b.resize(2 * b.size()); x -= logarithm(b); x *= {begin(b), begin(b) + b.size() / 2}; for (auto i = b.size() / 2; i < min(x.size(), b.size()); ++i) b[i] = x[i]; } return {begin(b), begin(b) + a.size()}; } template > T power(T a, long long n, F op = multiplies(), T e = {1}) { assert(n >= 0); T res = e; while (n) { if (n & 1) res = op(res, a); if (n >>= 1) a = op(a, a); } return res; } template struct Modular { using M = Modular; unsigned v; Modular(long long a = 0) : v((a %= Mod) < 0 ? a + Mod : a) {} M operator-() const { return M() -= *this; } M& operator+=(M r) { if ((v += r.v) >= Mod) v -= Mod; return *this; } M& operator-=(M r) { if ((v += Mod - r.v) >= Mod) v -= Mod; return *this; } M& operator*=(M r) { v = (uint64_t)v * r.v % Mod; return *this; } M& operator/=(M r) { return *this *= power(r, Mod - 2); } friend M operator+(M l, M r) { return l += r; } friend M operator-(M l, M r) { return l -= r; } friend M operator*(M l, M r) { return l *= r; } friend M operator/(M l, M r) { return l /= r; } friend bool operator==(M l, M r) { return l.v == r.v; } }; template void ntt(vector>& a, bool inverse) { static vector> dt(30), idt(30); if (dt[0] == 0) { Modular root = 2; while (power(root, (Mod - 1) / 2) == 1) root += 1; for (int i = 0; i < 30; ++i) dt[i] = -power(root, (Mod - 1) >> (i + 2)), idt[i] = 1 / dt[i]; } int n = a.size(); assert((n & (n - 1)) == 0); if (not inverse) { for (int w = n; w >>= 1; ) { Modular t = 1; for (int s = 0, k = 0; s < n; s += 2 * w) { for (int i = s, j = s + w; i < s + w; ++i, ++j) { auto x = a[i], y = a[j] * t; if (x.v >= Mod) x.v -= Mod; a[i].v = x.v + y.v, a[j].v = x.v + (Mod - y.v); } t *= dt[__builtin_ctz(++k)]; } } } else { for (int w = 1; w < n; w *= 2) { Modular t = 1; for (int s = 0, k = 0; s < n; s += 2 * w) { for (int i = s, j = s + w; i < s + w; ++i, ++j) { auto x = a[i], y = a[j]; a[i] = x + y, a[j].v = x.v + (Mod - y.v), a[j] *= t; } t *= idt[__builtin_ctz(++k)]; } } } auto c = 1 / Modular(inverse ? n : 1); for (auto&& e : a) e *= c; } template vector> operator*(vector> l, vector> r) { if (l.empty() or r.empty()) return {}; int n = l.size(), m = r.size(), sz = 1 << __lg(2 * (n + m - 1) - 1); if (min(n, m) < 30) { vector res(n + m- 1); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) for (int j = 0; j < m; ++j) res[i + j] += (l[i] * r[j]).v; return {begin(res), end(res)}; } bool eq = l == r; l.resize(sz), ntt(l, false); if (eq) r = l; else r.resize(sz), ntt(r, false); for (int i = 0; i < sz; ++i) l[i] *= r[i]; ntt(l, true), l.resize(n + m - 1); return l; } template vector> inverse(const vector>& a) { assert(not a.empty() and not (a[0] == 0)); vector> b{1 / a[0]}; while (b.size() < a.size()) { vector> x(begin(a), begin(a) + min(a.size(), 2 * b.size())); auto y = b; x.resize(2 * b.size()), ntt(x, false); y.resize(2 * b.size()), ntt(y, false); for (int i = 0; i < (int)x.size(); ++i) x[i] *= y[i]; ntt(x, true); x >>= b.size(); x.resize(2 * b.size()), ntt(x, false); for (int i = 0; i < (int)x.size(); ++i) x[i] *= -y[i]; ntt(x, true); b.insert(end(b), begin(x), begin(x) + b.size()); } return {begin(b), begin(b) + a.size()}; } constexpr long long mod = 998244353; using Mint = Modular; int main() { int n = getint(); vector a(n); Mint f(1); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { f *= (i + 1); a[i] = f; } a = inverse(a); Mint sum(1); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { sum += -a[i]; } cout << sum.v << '\n'; }