import java.util.*;

public class Main {
    static ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> graph = new ArrayList<>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int n = sc.nextInt();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            graph.add(new ArrayList<>());
        }
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
            graph.get(sc.nextInt()).add(i);
        }
        ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
        list.add(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
        System.out.println(search(0, list));
    }
    
    static int search(int idx, ArrayList<Integer> list) {
        int left = 0;
        int right = list.size();
        while (right - left > 1) {
            int m = (left + right) / 2;
            if (list.get(m) >= idx) {
                right = m;
            } else {
                left = m;
            }
        }
        list.add(right, idx);
        int sum = right - 1;
        for (int x : graph.get(idx)) {
            sum += search(x, list);
        }
        list.remove(right);
        return sum;
    }
}