#pragma GCC optimize("Ofast") #include "bits/stdc++.h" // Begin Header {{{ using namespace std; #ifndef DEBUG #define dump(...) #endif #define all(x) begin(x), end(x) #define rall(x) rbegin(x), rend(x) #define rep(i, b, e) for (intmax_t i = (b), i##_limit = (e); i < i##_limit; ++i) #define repc(i, b, e) for (intmax_t i = (b), i##_limit = (e); i <= i##_limit; ++i) #define repr(i, b, e) for (intmax_t i = (b), i##_limit = (e); i >= i##_limit; --i) #define var(Type, ...) Type __VA_ARGS__; input(__VA_ARGS__) constexpr size_t operator""_zu(unsigned long long value) { return value; }; constexpr intmax_t operator""_jd(unsigned long long value) { return value; }; constexpr uintmax_t operator""_ju(unsigned long long value) { return value; }; constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; constexpr intmax_t LINF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f_jd; template > using MaxHeap = priority_queue, Compare>; template > using MinHeap = priority_queue, Compare>; inline void input() {} template inline void input(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cin >> head; input(forward(tail)...); } template ::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> inline istream& operator>>(istream &is, Container &vs) { for (auto &v: vs) is >> v; return is; } template inline istream& operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } inline void output() { cout << "\n"; } template inline void output(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cout << head; if (sizeof...(tail)) cout << " "; output(forward(tail)...); } template ::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> inline ostream& operator<<(ostream &os, const Container &vs) { static constexpr const char *delim[] = {" ", ""}; for (auto it = begin(vs); it != end(vs); ++it) { os << delim[it == begin(vs)] << *it; } return os; } template inline void join(const Iterator &Begin, const Iterator &End, const string &delim = "\n", const string &last = "\n") { for (auto it = Begin; it != End; ++it) { cout << ((it == Begin) ? "" : delim) << *it; } cout << last; } template inline vector makeVector(const T &init_value, size_t sz) { return vector(sz, init_value); } template inline auto makeVector(const T &init_value, size_t sz, Args... args) { return vector(init_value, args...))>(sz, makeVector(init_value, args...)); } template class FixPoint : Func { public: explicit constexpr FixPoint(Func&& f) noexcept : Func(forward(f)) {} template constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const { return Func::operator()(*this, std::forward(args)...); } }; template static inline constexpr decltype(auto) makeFixPoint(Func&& f) noexcept { return FixPoint{forward(f)}; } template struct reverse_t { Container &c; reverse_t(Container &c) : c(c) {} auto begin() { return c.rbegin(); } auto end() { return c.rend(); } }; template auto reversed(Container &c) { return reverse_t(c); } template inline bool chmax(T &a, const T &b) noexcept { return b > a && (a = b, true); } template inline bool chmin(T &a, const T &b) noexcept { return b < a && (a = b, true); } template inline T diff(const T &a, const T &b) noexcept { return a < b ? b - a : a - b; } void operator|=(vector::reference lhs, const bool rhs) { lhs = lhs | rhs; } void ioinit() { ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cout << fixed << setprecision(10); cerr << fixed << setprecision(10); clog << fixed << setprecision(10); } // }}} End Header // DisjointSet {{{ struct DisjointSet { const size_t n; mutable vector c; explicit DisjointSet(const size_t n) : n(n), c(n, -1) {} size_t size(size_t v) const { assert(v < n); return -c[root(v)]; } size_t root(size_t v) const { assert(v < n); return (c[v] < 0) ? v : c[v] = root(c[v]); } bool connected(size_t u, size_t v) const { assert(u < n); assert(v < n); return root(u) == root(v); } size_t unite(size_t u, size_t v) { assert(u < n); assert(v < n); u = root(u); v = root(v); if (u == v) return u; if (-c[u] < -c[v]) swap(u, v); c[u] += c[v]; c[v] = u; return u; } vector> groups() { vector roots(n), group_size(n); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) { roots[i] = root(i); group_size[roots[i]]++; } vector> res(n); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) { res[i].reserve(group_size[i]); } for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) { res[roots[i]].emplace_back(i); } res.erase( remove_if(res.begin(), res.end(), [&](const auto& v) { return v.empty(); }), res.end()); return res; } }; // }}} int main() { ioinit(); var(size_t, N, M); vector> box_by_color(N); vector bs(N), cs(N); rep(i, 0, N) { input(bs[i], cs[i]); bs[i]--, cs[i]--; box_by_color[cs[i]].emplace_back(bs[i]); } DisjointSet ds(M); rep(c, 0, N) { rep(i, 1, box_by_color[c].size()) ds.unite(box_by_color[c][i - 1], box_by_color[c][i]); } const auto gs = ds.groups(); int res = 0; for (const auto g: gs) { res += g.size() - 1; } output(res); return 0; }