/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #include #include #include #include using namespace std; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// #define DEBUG 0 #define pb push_back #define V vector #define S static #define rep(i,n) for(ll i=0LL; i=0LL; --i) #define ALL(a) (a).begin(),(a).end() #define RALL(a) (a).rbegin(),(a).rend() #define CIN(x) do { \ assert(!cin.eof()); \ cin >> x; \ assert(!cin.fail()); \ } while(0); #if DEBUG #define debug_print(...) _debug_print(__VA_ARGS__) #define debug_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__) #define debug_print_time _debug_print_time #else // DEBUG #define debug_print(...) #define debug_printf(...) #define debug_print_time #endif // DEBUG typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef __int128_t ll128; typedef tuple t2; typedef tuple t3; typedef tuple t4; typedef tuple t5; template using priority_queue_incr = priority_queue, greater >; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// template void incr_m(map &m, TT k) { if (m.find(k) == m.end()) m[k] = 0; m[k]++; } void llin(ll &a) { CIN(a); } void llinl1(V &v, ll count) { for (ll i = 0LL; i < count; ++i) { ll a; CIN(a); v.push_back(a); } } void llinl2(V &v, ll count) { for (ll i = 0LL; i < count; ++i) { ll a, b; CIN(a >> b); v.push_back(t2(a, b)); } } void llinl3(V &v, ll count) { for (ll i = 0LL; i < count; ++i) { ll a, b, c; CIN(a >> b >> c); v.push_back(t3(a, b, c)); } } void llinl4(V &v, ll count) { for (ll i = 0LL; i < count; ++i) { ll a, b, c, d; CIN(a >> b >> c >> d); v.push_back(t4(a, b, c, d)); } } void llina(V &v, ll count) { llinl1(v, count); } template void sort(V &v) { sort(v.begin(), v.end()); } template void sort_reverse(V &v) { sort(v.begin(), v.end(), greater()); } t2 _ext_gcd(ll a, ll b, ll g) { if (!b) return t2(1, 0); ll q = a / b; ll r = a % b; t2 sol = _ext_gcd(b, r, g); ll sx = get<0>(sol); ll sy = get<1>(sol); ll x = sy; ll y = sx - q * sy; return t2(x, y); } t2 ext_gcd(ll a, ll b) { return _ext_gcd(a, b, gcd(a, b)); } // x and mod must be coprime ll mod_inv(ll x, ll mod) { t2 result = ext_gcd(x, mod); ll ret = get<0>(result); while (ret < 0) ret += mod; ret %= mod; return ret; } ll msec() { struct timeval tv; gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); ll ret = 0; ret += tv.tv_sec * 1000LL; ret += tv.tv_usec / 1000LL; return ret; } template void _debug_print(T x) { cout << x << " "; } void _debug_print(const t2 &x) { ll x1 = get<0>(x); ll x2 = get<1>(x); cout << "(" << x1 << ", " << x2 << ") "; } void _debug_print(const t3 &x) { ll x1 = get<0>(x); ll x2 = get<1>(x); ll x3 = get<2>(x); cout << "(" << x1 << ", " << x2 << ", " << x3 << ") "; } void _debug_print(const t4 &x) { ll x1 = get<0>(x); ll x2 = get<1>(x); ll x3 = get<2>(x); ll x4 = get<3>(x); cout << "(" << x1 << ", " << x2 << ", " << x3 << ", " << x4 << ") "; } template void _debug_print(T xarray[], ll n) { rep (i, n) _debug_print(xarray[i]); cout << endl; } template void _debug_print(const V &xlist) { for (auto x : xlist) _debug_print(x); cout << endl; } template void _debug_print(const set &xset) { for (auto x : xset) _debug_print(x); cout << endl; } template void _debug_print(const map &xlist) { for (auto x : xlist) { TT k = x.first; T v = x.second; cout << "K="; _debug_print(k); cout << " V="; _debug_print(v); cout << endl; } } struct UnionFind { ull *parent, *count, *rank; UnionFind(ull n) { parent = new ull[n+1]; count = new ull[n+1]; rank = new ull[n+1]; for (ull i = 0ULL; i < n+1; ++i) { parent[i] = i; count[i] = 1; rank[i] = 0; } } ~UnionFind() { delete rank; delete count; delete parent; } ull root(ull i) { if (parent[i] == i) return i; parent[i] = root(parent[i]); return parent[i]; } void unite(ull i, ull j) { ull rooti = root(i); ull rootj = root(j); if (rooti == rootj) return; if (rank[rootj] < rank[rooti]) { parent[i] = parent[j] = parent[rootj] = rooti; count[rooti] += count[rootj]; } else { parent[i] = parent[j] = parent[rooti] = rootj; count[rootj] += count[rooti]; if (rank[rootj] == rank[rooti]) rank[rootj]++; } } bool same(ull i, ull j) { return root(i) == root(j); } }; /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// void _main(); int main() { cout << setprecision(12); #if !DEBUG ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); #endif _main(); return 0; } void _main() { ll n; llin(n); ll m; llin(m); V bclist; llinl2(bclist, n); S V btoc[200010]; for (auto bc : bclist) { ll b, c; tie(b, c) = bc; btoc[b].pb(c); } UnionFind uf(200010LL); rep (b, 200010LL) for (auto c : btoc[b]) uf.unite(btoc[b][0], c); S ll ctocc[200010]; rep (c, 200010) ctocc[c] = uf.root(c); S ll cnts[200010] = {}; rep (b, 200010) { if (btoc[b].empty()) continue; ll c = btoc[b][0]; ll cc = ctocc[c]; cnts[cc]++; } ll ans = 0; rep (cc, 200010) { if (!cnts[cc]) continue; ans += cnts[cc] - 1LL; } cout << ans << endl; } ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////