#include #include using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++) template inline bool chmax(T&a,T b){if(a inline bool chmin(T&a,T b){if(a>b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;} using ll = long long; int n,m,b,c; int main () { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin >> n >> m; dsu d(m); vector box(n,-1); int ans=0; while(cin >> b >> c){ b--, c--; if(box[c]!=-1 && !d.same(b,box[c])) d.merge(b,box[c]), ans++; box[c]=b; } cout << ans << '\n'; }