#include "bits/stdc++.h" #define MOD 998244353 #define rep(i, n) for(ll i=0; i < (n); i++) #define rrep(i, n) for(ll i=(n)-1; i >=0; i--) #define ALL(v) v.begin(),v.end() #define rALL(v) v.rbegin(),v.rend() #define FOR(i, j, k) for(ll i=j;i llvec; typedef vector dvec; typedef pair P; typedef long double ld; struct edge{ll x, c;}; ll mod(ll a, ll mod){ ll res = a%mod; if(res<0)res=res + mod; return res; } ll modpow(ll a, ll n, ll mod){ ll res=1; while(n>0){ if(n&1) res=res*a%mod; a=a*a%mod; n>>=1; } return res; } ll modinv(ll a, ll mod){ ll b=mod, u=1, v=0; while(b){ ll t=a/b; a-=t*b; swap(a, b); u-=t*v; swap(u, v); } u%=mod; if(u<0)u+=mod; return u; } ll gcd(ll a, ll b){ ll r = a%b; if(r==0) return b; else return gcd(b, a%b); } // @param b 1 // @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) { a = mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; // Contracts: // [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b) // [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b) // [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) { long long u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b // [3]: // (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u| // <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u) // = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b auto tmp = s; s = t; t = tmp; tmp = m0; m0 = m1; m1 = tmp; } // by [3]: |m0| <= b/g // by g != b: |m0| < b/g if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } // (rem, mod) std::pair crt(const std::vector& r, const std::vector& m) { assert(r.size() == m.size()); int n = int(r.size()); // Contracts: 0 <= r0 < m0 long long r0 = 0, m0 = 1; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { assert(1 <= m[i]); long long r1 = mod(r[i], m[i]), m1 = m[i]; if (m0 < m1) { std::swap(r0, r1); std::swap(m0, m1); } if (m0 % m1 == 0) { if (r0 % m1 != r1) return {0, 0}; continue; } // assume: m0 > m1, lcm(m0, m1) >= 2 * max(m0, m1) // (r0, m0), (r1, m1) -> (r2, m2 = lcm(m0, m1)); // r2 % m0 = r0 // r2 % m1 = r1 // -> (r0 + x*m0) % m1 = r1 // -> x*u0*g % (u1*g) = (r1 - r0) (u0*g = m0, u1*g = m1) // -> x = (r1 - r0) / g * inv(u0) (mod u1) // im = inv(u0) (mod u1) (0 <= im < u1) long long g, im; std::tie(g, im) = inv_gcd(m0, m1); long long u1 = (m1 / g); // |r1 - r0| < (m0 + m1) <= lcm(m0, m1) if ((r1 - r0) % g) return {0, 0}; // u1 * u1 <= m1 * m1 / g / g <= m0 * m1 / g = lcm(m0, m1) long long x = (r1 - r0) / g % u1 * im % u1; // |r0| + |m0 * x| // < m0 + m0 * (u1 - 1) // = m0 + m0 * m1 / g - m0 // = lcm(m0, m1) r0 += x * m0; m0 *= u1; // -> lcm(m0, m1) if (r0 < 0) r0 += m0; } return {r0, m0}; } bool is_prime(ll n){ ll i = 2; if(n==1)return false; if(n==2)return true; bool res = true; while(i*i struct lazy_segtree { public: int ceil_pow2(int n) { int x = 0; while ((1U << x) < (unsigned int)(n)) x++; return x; } lazy_segtree() : lazy_segtree(0) {} lazy_segtree(int n) : lazy_segtree(std::vector(n, e())) {} lazy_segtree(const std::vector& v) : _n(int(v.size())) { log = ceil_pow2(_n); size = 1 << log; d = std::vector(2 * size, e()); lz = std::vector(size, id()); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) d[size + i] = v[i]; for (int i = size - 1; i >= 1; i--) { update(i); } } void set(int p, S x) { assert(0 <= p && p < _n); p += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i); d[p] = x; for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i); } S get(int p) { assert(0 <= p && p < _n); p += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i); return d[p]; } S prod(int l, int r) { assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n); if (l == r) return e(); l += size; r += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) push(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) push(r >> i); } S sml = e(), smr = e(); while (l < r) { if (l & 1) sml = op(sml, d[l++]); if (r & 1) smr = op(d[--r], smr); l >>= 1; r >>= 1; } return op(sml, smr); } S all_prod() { return d[1]; } void apply(int p, F f) { assert(0 <= p && p < _n); p += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(p >> i); d[p] = mapping(f, d[p]); for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) update(p >> i); } void apply(int l, int r, F f) { assert(0 <= l && l <= r && r <= _n); if (l == r) return; l += size; r += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) push(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) push((r - 1) >> i); } { int l2 = l, r2 = r; while (l < r) { if (l & 1) all_apply(l++, f); if (r & 1) all_apply(--r, f); l >>= 1; r >>= 1; } l = l2; r = r2; } for (int i = 1; i <= log; i++) { if (((l >> i) << i) != l) update(l >> i); if (((r >> i) << i) != r) update((r - 1) >> i); } } template int max_right(int l) { return max_right(l, [](S x) { return g(x); }); } template int max_right(int l, G g) { assert(0 <= l && l <= _n); assert(g(e())); if (l == _n) return _n; l += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push(l >> i); S sm = e(); do { while (l % 2 == 0) l >>= 1; if (!g(op(sm, d[l]))) { while (l < size) { push(l); l = (2 * l); if (g(op(sm, d[l]))) { sm = op(sm, d[l]); l++; } } return l - size; } sm = op(sm, d[l]); l++; } while ((l & -l) != l); return _n; } template int min_left(int r) { return min_left(r, [](S x) { return g(x); }); } template int min_left(int r, G g) { assert(0 <= r && r <= _n); assert(g(e())); if (r == 0) return 0; r += size; for (int i = log; i >= 1; i--) push((r - 1) >> i); S sm = e(); do { r--; while (r > 1 && (r % 2)) r >>= 1; if (!g(op(d[r], sm))) { while (r < size) { push(r); r = (2 * r + 1); if (g(op(d[r], sm))) { sm = op(d[r], sm); r--; } } return r + 1 - size; } sm = op(d[r], sm); } while ((r & -r) != r); return 0; } private: int _n, size, log; std::vector d; std::vector lz; void update(int k) { d[k] = op(d[2 * k], d[2 * k + 1]); } void all_apply(int k, F f) { d[k] = mapping(f, d[k]); if (k < size) lz[k] = composition(f, lz[k]); } void push(int k) { all_apply(2 * k, lz[k]); all_apply(2 * k + 1, lz[k]); lz[k] = id(); } }; struct S{ ll x, d; }; using F = ll; S op(S a, S b){ return {mod(a.x+b.x, MOD), a.d + b.d}; } S mapping(F a, S b){ return {mod(b.x + b.d*a, MOD), b.d}; } F composition(F b, F a){ return mod(a+b, MOD); } S e(){ return S{0, 0}; } F id(){ return 0; } //usage lazy_segtree struct segment_tree{ ll N; llvec v; ll init=0;//initial value ll f(ll a, ll b){ //function return a+b; } segment_tree(ll n){ N=1; while(N0){ i = (i-1)/2; v[i] = f(v[i*2+1], v[i*2+2]); } } void add(ll i, ll val){ i += N-1; v[i] += val; while(i>0){ i = (i-1)/2; v[i] = f(v[i*2+1], v[i*2+2]); } } ll get(ll L, ll R){// L <= i < R L += N-1; R += N-1; ll vl = init; ll vr = init; while(L> N; llvec A(N); llvec v; rep(i, N){ cin >> A[i]; v.push_back(A[i]); } sort(ALL(v)); v.erase(unique(ALL(v)), v.end()); ll M = v.size(); vector a(N, {0, 1}); lazy_segtree lz(a); segment_tree sg(M); segment_tree sg2(M); segment_tree sg3(M); segment_tree sg4(M); rep(i, N){ ll ind = lower_bound(ALL(v), A[i]) - v.begin(); sg2.add(ind, 1); sg4.add(ind, A[i]); } ll ans = 0; rep(i, N){ ll ind = lower_bound(ALL(v), A[i]) - v.begin(); ll ind2 = upper_bound(ALL(v), A[i]) - v.begin(); ll L = sg2.get(0, ind); ll R = sg.get(ind2, M); ans = mod(ans + L * sg3.get(ind2, M), MOD); ans = mod(ans + R * sg4.get(0, ind), MOD); ans = mod(ans + mod(R * L, MOD)*A[i], MOD); sg.add(ind, 1); sg3.add(ind, A[i]); sg2.add(ind, -1); sg4.add(ind, -A[i]); } cout << ans << endl; return 0; }