/** * author: nok0 * created: 2021.04.17 21:31:09 **/ #ifdef LOCAL #define _GLIBCXX_DEBUG #endif #include using namespace std; #if __has_include() #include using namespace atcoder; #endif #pragma region Macros // rep macro #define foa(v, a) for(auto &v : a) #define REPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define REP(...) REPname(__VA_ARGS__, REP3, REP2, REP1, REP0)(__VA_ARGS__) #define REP0(x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i) #define REP1(i, x) for(int i = 0; i < (x); ++i) #define REP2(i, l, r) for(int i = (l); i < (r); ++i) #define REP3(i, l, r, c) for(int i = (l); i < (r); i += (c)) #define REPSname(a, b, c, ...) c #define REPS(...) REPSname(__VA_ARGS__, REPS1, REPS0)(__VA_ARGS__) #define REPS0(x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i) #define REPS1(i, x) for(int i = 1; i <= (x); ++i) #define RREPname(a, b, c, d, e, ...) e #define RREP(...) RREPname(__VA_ARGS__, RREP3, RREP2, RREP1, RREP0)(__VA_ARGS__) #define RREP0(x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i) #define RREP1(i, x) for(int i = (x)-1; i >= 0; --i) #define RREP2(i, r, l) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); --i) #define RREP3(i, r, l, c) for(int i = (r)-1; i >= (l); i -= (c)) #define RREPSname(a, b, c, ...) c #define RREPS(...) RREPSname(__VA_ARGS__, RREPS1, RREPS0)(__VA_ARGS__) #define RREPS0(x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i) #define RREPS1(i, x) for(int i = (x); i >= 1; --i) // name macro #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define SZ(x) ((int)(x).size()) #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend() #define popcnt(x) __builtin_popcountll(x) template using V = std::vector; template using VV = std::vector>; template using pqup = std::priority_queue, std::greater>; using ll = long long; using ld = long double; using int128 = __int128_t; using pii = std::pair; using pll = std::pair; // input macro template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector &v) { for(T &i : v) is >> i; return is; } std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, __int128_t &a) { std::string s; is >> s; __int128_t ret = 0; for(int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) if('0' <= s[i] and s[i] <= '9') ret = 10 * ret + s[i] - '0'; a = ret * (s[0] == '-' ? -1 : 1); return is; } #if __has_include() std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, atcoder::modint998244353 &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, atcoder::modint1000000007 &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, atcoder::static_modint &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } template std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, atcoder::dynamic_modint &a) { long long v; is >> v; a = v; return is; } #endif namespace scanner { void scan(int &a) { std::cin >> a; } void scan(long long &a) { std::cin >> a; } void scan(std::string &a) { std::cin >> a; } void scan(char &a) { std::cin >> a; } void scan(char a[]) { std::scanf("%s", a); } void scan(double &a) { std::cin >> a; } void scan(long double &a) { std::cin >> a; } template void scan(std::pair &p) { std::cin >> p; } template void scan(std::vector &a) { std::cin >> a; } void INPUT() {} template void INPUT(Head &head, Tail &... tail) { scan(head); INPUT(tail...); } } // namespace scanner #define VEC(type, name, size) \ std::vector name(size); \ scanner::INPUT(name) #define VVEC(type, name, h, w) \ std::vector> name(h, std::vector(w)); \ scanner::INPUT(name) #define INT(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) \ long long __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) #define STR(...) \ std::string __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) #define CHAR(...) \ char __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) #define DOUBLE(...) \ double __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) #define LD(...) \ long double __VA_ARGS__; \ scanner::INPUT(__VA_ARGS__) // output-macro template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair &p) { os << p.first << " " << p.second; return os; } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector &a) { for(int i = 0; i < int(a.size()); ++i) { if(i) os << " "; os << a[i]; } return os; } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &dest, __int128_t &value) { std::ostream::sentry s(dest); if(s) { __uint128_t tmp = value < 0 ? -value : value; char buffer[128]; char *d = std::end(buffer); do { --d; *d = "0123456789"[tmp % 10]; tmp /= 10; } while(tmp != 0); if(value < 0) { --d; *d = '-'; } int len = std::end(buffer) - d; if(dest.rdbuf()->sputn(d, len) != len) { dest.setstate(std::ios_base::badbit); } } return dest; } #if __has_include() std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const atcoder::modint998244353 &a) { return os << a.val(); } std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const atcoder::modint1000000007 &a) { return os << a.val(); } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const atcoder::static_modint &a) { return os << a.val(); } template std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const atcoder::dynamic_modint &a) { return os << a.val(); } #endif template void print(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; } template void print(Head H, Tail... T) { std::cout << H << ' '; print(T...); } template void printel(const T a) { std::cout << a << '\n'; } template void printel(const std::vector &a) { for(const auto &v : a) std::cout << v << '\n'; } template void printel(Head H, Tail... T) { std::cout << H << '\n'; printel(T...); } void Yes(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "Yes\n" : "No\n"); } void No() { std::cout << "No\n"; } void YES(const bool b = true) { std::cout << (b ? "YES\n" : "NO\n"); } void NO() { std::cout << "NO\n"; } void err(const bool b = true) { if(b) { std::cout << "-1\n", exit(0); } } //debug macro namespace debugger { template void view(const std::vector &a) { std::cerr << "{ "; for(const auto &v : a) { std::cerr << v << ", "; } std::cerr << "\b\b }"; } template void view(const std::vector> &a) { std::cerr << "{\n"; for(const auto &v : a) { std::cerr << "\t"; view(v); std::cerr << "\n"; } std::cerr << "}"; } template void view(const std::vector> &a) { std::cerr << "{\n"; for(const auto &p : a) std::cerr << "\t(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")\n"; std::cerr << "}"; } template void view(const std::map &m) { std::cerr << "{\n"; for(const auto &p : m) std::cerr << "\t[" << p.first << "] : " << p.second << "\n"; std::cerr << "}"; } template void view(const std::pair &p) { std::cerr << "(" << p.first << ", " << p.second << ")"; } template void view(const std::set &s) { std::cerr << "{ "; for(auto &v : s) { view(v); std::cerr << ", "; } std::cerr << "\b\b }"; } template void view(const T &e) { std::cerr << e; } } // namespace debugger #ifdef LOCAL void debug_out() {} template void debug_out(Head H, Tail... T) { debugger::view(H); std::cerr << ", "; debug_out(T...); } #define debug(...) \ do { \ std::cerr << __LINE__ << " [" << #__VA_ARGS__ << "] : ["; \ debug_out(__VA_ARGS__); \ std::cerr << "\b\b]\n"; \ } while(false) #else #define debug(...) (void(0)) #endif // vector macro template int lb(const std::vector &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::lower_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); } template int ub(const std::vector &a, const T x) { return std::distance((a).begin(), std::upper_bound((a).begin(), (a).end(), (x))); } template void UNIQUE(std::vector &a) { std::sort(a.begin(), a.end()); a.erase(std::unique(a.begin(), a.end()), a.end()); } template std::vector press(std::vector &a) { auto res = a; UNIQUE(res); for(auto &v : a) v = lb(res, v); return res; } #define SORTname(a, b, c, ...) c #define SORT(...) SORTname(__VA_ARGS__, SORT1, SORT0, ...)(__VA_ARGS__) #define SORT0(a) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end()) #define SORT1(a, c) std::sort((a).begin(), (a).end(), [](const auto x, const auto y) { return x c y; }) template void ADD(std::vector &a, const T x) { for(auto &v : a) v += x; } template void SUB(std::vector &a, const T x = 1) { for(auto &v : a) v -= x; } template void MUL(std::vector &a, const T x) { for(auto &v : a) v *= x; } template void DIV(std::vector &a, const T x) { for(auto &v : a) v /= x; } // math macro template inline bool chmin(T &a, const U &b) { return a > b ? a = b, true : false; } template inline bool chmax(T &a, const U &b) { return a < b ? a = b, true : false; } template T divup(T x, T y) { return (x + y - 1) / y; } template T POW(T a, long long n) { T ret = 1; while(n) { if(n & 1) ret *= a; a *= a; n >>= 1; } return ret; } // modpow long long POW(long long a, long long n, const int mod) { long long ret = 1; while(n) { if(n & 1) (ret *= a) %= mod; (a *= a) %= mod; n >>= 1; } return ret; } // others struct fast_io { fast_io() { ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(nullptr); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } fast_io_; const int inf = 1e9; const ll INF = 1e18; #pragma endregion #pragma region Math Formal Power Series enum Mode { FAST = 1, NAIVE = -1, }; template struct FormalPowerSeries : std::vector { using std::vector::vector; using std::vector::size; using std::vector::resize; using std::vector::begin; using std::vector::insert; using std::vector::erase; using F = FormalPowerSeries; using S = std::vector>; F &operator+=(const F &g) { for(int i = 0; i < int(std::min((*this).size(), g.size())); i++) (*this)[i] += g[i]; return *this; } F &operator+=(const T &t) { assert(int((*this).size())); (*this)[0] += t; return *this; } F &operator-=(const F &g) { for(int i = 0; i < int(std::min((*this).size(), g.size())); i++) (*this)[i] -= g[i]; return *this; } F &operator-=(const T &t) { assert(int((*this).size())); (*this)[0] -= t; return *this; } F &operator*=(const T &t) { for(int i = 0; i < int((*this).size()); ++i) (*this)[i] *= t; return *this; } F &operator/=(const T &t) { T div = t.inv(); for(int i = 0; i < int((*this).size()); ++i) (*this)[i] *= div; return *this; } F &operator>>=(const int sz) { assert(sz >= 0); int n = (*this).size(); (*this).erase((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + std::min(sz, n)); (*this).resize(n); return *this; } F &operator<<=(const int sz) { assert(sz >= 0); int n = (*this).size(); (*this).insert((*this).begin(), sz, T(0)); (*this).resize(n); return *this; } F &operator%=(const F &g) { return *this -= *this / g * g; } F &operator=(const std::vector &v) { int n = (*this).size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] = v[i]; return *this; } F operator-() const { F ret = *this; return ret * -1; } F &operator*=(const F &g) { if(mode == FAST) { int n = (*this).size(); auto tmp = atcoder::convolution(*this, g); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] = tmp[i]; return *this; } else { int n = (*this).size(), m = g.size(); for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) { (*this)[i] *= g[0]; for(int j = 1; j < std::min(i + 1, m); j++) (*this)[i] += (*this)[i - j] * g[j]; } return *this; } } F &operator/=(const F &g) { if((*this).size() < g.size()) { (*this).assign((*this).size(), T(0)); return *this; } if(mode == FAST) { int old = (*this).size(); int n = (*this).size() - g.size() + 1; *this = ((*this).rev().pre(n) * g.rev().inv(n)); (*this).rev_inplace(); (*this).resize(old); return *this; } else { assert(g[0] != T(0)); T ig0 = g[0].inv(); int n = (*this).size(), m = g.size(); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for(int j = 1; j < std::min(i + 1, m); ++j) (*this)[i] -= (*this)[i - j] * g[j]; (*this)[i] *= ig0; } return *this; } } F &operator*=(S g) { int n = (*this).size(); auto [d, c] = g.front(); if(!d) g.erase(g.begin()); else c = 0; for(int i = n - 1; i >= 0; --i) { (*this)[i] *= c; for(auto &[j, b] : g) { if(j > i) break; (*this)[i] += (*this)[i - j] * b; } } return *this; } F &operator/=(S g) { int n = (*this).size(); auto [d, c] = g.front(); assert(!d and c != 0); T ic = c.inv(); g.erase(g.begin()); for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { for(auto &[j, b] : g) { if(j > i) break; (*this)[i] -= (*this)[i - j] * b; } (*this)[i] *= ic; } return *this; } F operator+(const F &g) const { return F(*this) += g; } F operator+(const T &t) const { return F(*this) += t; } F operator-(const F &g) const { return F(*this) -= g; } F operator-(const T &t) const { return F(*this) -= t; } F operator*(const F &g) const { return F(*this) *= g; } F operator*(const T &t) const { return F(*this) *= t; } F operator/(const F &g) const { return F(*this) /= g; } F operator/(const T &t) const { return F(*this) /= t; } F operator%(const F &g) const { return F(*this) %= g; } F operator*=(const S &g) const { return F(*this) *= g; } F operator/=(const S &g) const { return F(*this) /= g; } F pre(int d) const { return F((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + std::min((int)(*this).size(), d)); } F &shrink() { while(!(*this).empty() and (*this).back() == T(0)) (*this).pop_back(); return *this; } F &rev_inplace() { reverse((*this).begin(), (*this).end()); return *this; } F rev() const { return F(*this).rev_inplace(); } // *=(1 + cz^d) F &multiply(const int d, const T c) { int n = (*this).size(); if(c == T(1)) for(int i = n - d - 1; i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i]; else if(c == T(-1)) for(int i = n - d - 1; i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i]; else for(int i = n - d - 1; i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i] * c; return *this; } // /=(1 + cz^d) F ÷(const int d, const T c) { int n = (*this).size(); if(c == T(1)) for(int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i]; else if(c == T(-1)) for(int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] += (*this)[i]; else for(int i = 0; i < n - d; ++i) (*this)[i + d] -= (*this)[i] * c; return *this; } //Ο(N) T eval(const T &t) const { int n = (*this).size(); T res = 0, tmp = 1; for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) res += (*this)[i] * tmp, tmp *= t; return res; } F inv(int deg = -1) const { int n = (*this).size(); assert(mode == FAST and n and (*this)[0] != 0); if(deg == -1) deg = n; assert(deg > 0); F res{(*this)[0].inv()}; while(int(res.size()) < deg) { int m = res.size(); F f((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + std::min(n, m * 2)), r(res); f.resize(m * 2), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f); r.resize(m * 2), atcoder::internal::butterfly(r); for(int i = 0; i < m * 2; ++i) f[i] *= r[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(f); f.erase(f.begin(), f.begin() + m); f.resize(m * 2), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f); for(int i = 0; i < m * 2; ++i) f[i] *= r[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(f); T iz = T(m * 2).inv(); iz *= -iz; for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) f[i] *= iz; res.insert(res.end(), f.begin(), f.begin() + m); } res.resize(deg); return res; } //Ο(N) F &diff_inplace() { int n = (*this).size(); for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i - 1] = (*this)[i] * i; (*this)[n - 1] = 0; return *this; } F diff() const { F(*this).diff_inplace(); } //Ο(N) F &integral_inplace() { int n = (*this).size(), mod = T::mod(); std::vector inv(n); { inv[1] = 1; for(int i = 2; i < n; ++i) inv[i] = T(mod) - inv[mod % i] * (mod / i); } for(int i = n - 2; i >= 0; --i) (*this)[i + 1] = (*this)[i] * inv[i + 1]; (*this)[0] = 0; return *this; } F integral() const { return F(*this).integral_inplace(); } //Ο(NlogN) F &log_inplace() { int n = (*this).size(); assert(n and (*this)[0] == 1); F f_inv = (*this).inv(); (*this).diff_inplace(); (*this) *= f_inv; (*this).integral_inplace(); return *this; } F log() const { return F(*this).log_inplace(); } //Ο(NlogN) F &deriv_inplace() { int n = (*this).size(); assert(n); for(int i = 2; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] *= i; (*this).erase((*this).begin()); (*this).push_back(0); return *this; } F deriv() const { return F(*this).deriv_inplace(); } //Ο(NlogN) F &exp_inplace() { int n = (*this).size(); assert(n and (*this)[0] == 0); F g{1}; (*this)[0] = 1; F h_drv((*this).deriv()); for(int m = 1; m < n; m *= 2) { F f((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + m); f.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(f); auto mult_f = [&](F &p) { p.resize(2 * m); atcoder::internal::butterfly(p); for(int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) p[i] *= f[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(p); p /= 2 * m; }; if(m > 1) { F g_(g); g_.resize(2 * m), atcoder::internal::butterfly(g_); for(int i = 0; i < 2 * m; ++i) g_[i] *= g_[i] * f[i]; atcoder::internal::butterfly_inv(g_); T iz = T(-2 * m).inv(); g_ *= iz; g.insert(g.end(), g_.begin() + m / 2, g_.begin() + m); } F t((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + m); t.deriv_inplace(); { F r{h_drv.begin(), h_drv.begin() + m - 1}; mult_f(r); for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) t[i] -= r[i] + r[m + i]; } t.insert(t.begin(), t.back()); t.pop_back(); t *= g; F v((*this).begin() + m, (*this).begin() + std::min(n, 2 * m)); v.resize(m); t.insert(t.begin(), m - 1, 0); t.push_back(0); t.integral_inplace(); for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) v[i] -= t[m + i]; mult_f(v); for(int i = 0; i < std::min(n - m, m); ++i) (*this)[m + i] = v[i]; } return *this; } F exp() const { return F(*this).exp_inplace(); } //Ο(NlogN) F &pow_inplace(long long k) { int n = (*this).size(), l = 0; assert(k >= 0); if(!k) { for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) (*this)[i] = !i; return *this; } while(l < n and (*this)[l] == 0) ++l; if(l > (n - 1) / k or l == n) return *this = F(n); T c = (*this)[l]; (*this).erase((*this).begin(), (*this).begin() + l); (*this) /= c; (*this).log_inplace(); (*this).resize(n - l * k); (*this) *= k; (*this).exp_inplace(); (*this) *= c.pow(k); (*this).insert((*this).begin(), l * k, 0); return *this; } F pow(const long long k) const { return F(*this).pow_inplace(k); } //Ο(NlogN) F sqrt(int deg = -1) const { auto SQRT = [&](T t) { int mod = T::mod(); if(t == 0 or t == 1) return t; int v = (mod - 1) / 2; if(t.pow(v) != 1) return T(-1); int q = mod - 1, m = 0; while(~q & 1) q >>= 1, m++; std::mt19937 mt; T z = mt(); while(z.pow(v) != mod - 1) z = mt(); T c = z.pow(q), u = t.pow(q), r = t.pow((q + 1) / 2); for(; m > 1; m--) { T tmp = u.pow(1 << (m - 2)); if(tmp != 1) r = r * c, u = u * c * c; c = c * c; } return T(std::min(r.val(), mod - r.val())); }; int n = (*this).size(); if(deg == -1) deg = n; if((*this)[0] == 0) { for(int i = 1; i < n; i++) { if((*this)[i] != 0) { if(i & 1) return F(0); if(deg - i / 2 <= 0) break; auto ret = (*this); ret >>= i; ret.resize(n - i); ret = ret.sqrt(deg - i / 2); if(ret.empty()) return F(0); ret <<= (i / 2); ret.resize(deg); return ret; } } return F(deg); } auto sqr = SQRT((*this)[0]); if(sqr * sqr != (*this)[0]) return F(0); F ret{sqr}; T ti = T(1) / T(2); for(int i = 1; i < deg; i <<= 1) { auto u = (*this); u.resize(i << 1); ret = (ret.inv(i << 1) * u + ret) * ti; } ret.resize(deg); return ret; } void sparse_pow(const int n, const int d, const T c, const int k); void sparse_pow_inv(const int n, const int d, const T c, const int k); void stirling_first(int n); void stirling_second(int n); std::vector multipoint_evaluation(const std::vector &p); }; #pragma endregion template F Berlekamp_Massey(const F &a) { using T = typename F::value_type; int n = a.size(); F c{-1}, c2{0}; T r2 = 1; int i2 = -1; for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { T r = 0; int d = c.size(); for(int j = 0; j < d; j++) r += c[j] * a[i - j]; if(r == 0) continue; T coef = -r / r2; int d2 = c2.size(); if(d - i >= d2 - i2) { for(int j = 0; j < d2; j++) c[j + i - i2] += c2[j] * coef; } else { F tmp(c); c.resize(d2 + i - i2); for(int j = 0; j < d2; j++) c[j + i - i2] += c2[j] * coef; c2 = std::move(tmp); i2 = i, r2 = r; } } return {c.begin() + 1, c.end()}; } //return generating function of a, s.t. F(x) = P(x) / Q(x) template std::pair find_generating_function(F a) { auto q = Berlekamp_Massey(a); int d = q.size(); a.resize(d); q.insert(q.begin(), 1); for(int i = 1; i < (int)q.size(); i++) q[i] *= -1; a *= q; return {a, q}; } //return [x^k] p(x) / q(x) template T compute_Kthterm(FormalPowerSeries p, FormalPowerSeries q, long long k) { int d = q.size(); assert(q[0] == 1 and p.size() + 1 <= d); while(k) { auto q_minus = q; for(int i = 1; i < d; i += 2) q_minus[i] *= -1; p.resize(2 * d); q.resize(2 * d); p *= q_minus; q *= q_minus; for(int i = 0; i < d - 1; i++) p[i] = p[(i << 1) | (k & 1)]; for(int i = 0; i < d; i++) q[i] = q[i << 1]; p.resize(d - 1); q.resize(d); k >>= 1; } return p[0]; } template T compute_Kthterm(std::pair, FormalPowerSeries> f, long long k) { return compute_Kthterm(f.first, f.second, k); } using fps = FormalPowerSeries; void main_() { INT(n); fps a = { 1, 12, 65, 172, 297, 456, 649, 876, 1137, 1432, 1761, 2124, 2521, 2952, 3417}; auto f = find_generating_function(a); print(compute_Kthterm(f, n)); } int main() { int t = 1; //cin >> t; while(t--) main_(); return 0; }