#include using namespace std; #define ALL(x) begin(x),end(x) #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(n);i++) #define debug(v) cout<<#v<<":";for(auto x:v){cout<bool chmax(T &a,const T &b){if(abool chmin(T &a,const T &b){if(b ostream &operator<<(ostream &os,const vector&v){ for(int i=0;i<(int)v.size();i++) os< istream &operator>>(istream &is,vector&v){ for(T &x:v)is>>x; return is; } #line 1 "Graph2/GraphTemplate.cpp" // graph template // ref : https://ei1333.github.io/library/graph/graph-template.cpp template struct Edge{ int from,to; T w; int idx; Edge()=default; Edge(int from,int to,T w=1,int idx=-1):from(from),to(to),w(w),idx(idx){} operator int() const{return to;} }; template struct Graph{ vector>> g; int V,E; Graph()=default; Graph(int n):g(n),V(n),E(0){} size_t size(){ return g.size(); } void resize(int k){ g.resize(k); } inline const vector> &operator[](int k)const{ return (g.at(k)); } inline vector> &operator[](int k){ return (g.at(k)); } void add_directed_edge(int from,int to,T cost=1){ g[from].emplace_back(from,to,cost,E++); } void add_edge(int from,int to,T cost=1){ g[from].emplace_back(from,to,cost,E); g[to].emplace_back(to,from,cost,E++); } void read(int m,int pad=-1,bool weighted=false,bool directed=false){ for(int i=0;i>u>>v; u+=pad,v+=pad; T w=T(1); if(weighted) cin>>w; if(directed) add_directed_edge(u,v,w); else add_edge(u,v,w); } } }; #line 2 "Graph2/StronglyConnectedComponents.cpp" // scc.belong[i] : strongly connected components i belongs // scc.group[i] : vertice i-th strongly connected component has // scc.compressed : compressed Graph, DAG // Longest Path verified : https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc135/submissions/19684261 template struct StronglyConnectedComponents{ private: Graph g,rg; vector check; void dfs(int cur,vector &ord){ for(auto &to:g[cur])if(!check[to]){ check[to]=true; dfs(to,ord); } ord.push_back(cur); } void rdfs(int cur,int p){ for(auto &to:rg[cur])if(belong[to]==-1){ belong[to]=p; rdfs(to,p); } } void build(){ vector ord; for(int i=0;i<(int)g.size();i++)if(!check[i]){ check[i]=true; dfs(i,ord); } int ptr=0;; for(int i=(int)ord.size()-1;i>=0;i--)if(belong[ord[i]]==-1){ belong[ord[i]]=ptr; rdfs(ord[i],ptr);ptr++; } compressed.resize(ptr); group.resize(ptr); for(int i=0;i<(int)g.size();i++){ int u=belong[i]; group[u].push_back(i); for(auto &e:g[i]){ int v=belong[e]; if(u!=v) compressed.add_directed_edge(u,v,e.w); } } return ; } public: vector belong; vector> group; Graph compressed; StronglyConnectedComponents(Graph &g):g(g),rg(g.size()),check(g.size()),belong(g.size(),-1){ for(int i=0;i<(int)g.size();i++)for(auto &e:g[i]) rg.add_directed_edge(e.to,e.from,e.w); build(); } // topological sort vector get_DAG_order(){ vector ret; for(int i=0;i<(int)group.size();i++)for(auto &j:group[i]) ret.push_back(j); return ret; } // g is not DAG or contain self-loop, return inf T LongestPath(){ for(int i=0;i<(int)g.size();i++){ for(auto &e:g[i]){ if(belong[i]==belong[e]) return -1; } } vector ord=get_DAG_order(); vector dp(g.size(),0); for(auto i:ord)for(auto &e:g[i]) dp[e]=max(dp[e],dp[i]+e.w); return (*max_element(begin(dp),end(dp))); } }; struct UnionFind{ private: vector par,siz; public: int con; UnionFind(int n):par(n),siz(n,1),con(n){ iota(begin(par),end(par),0); } int root(int x){ return (par[x]==x?x:(par[x]=root(par[x]))); } bool sameroot(int x,int y){ return root(x)==root(y); } bool unite(int x,int y){ x=root(x);y=root(y); if(x==y) return false; if(siz[x]>N>>M; using P=pair; vector

es; UnionFind uf(N); rep(i,M){ int u,v;cin>>u>>v;u--,v--; uf.unite(u,v); es.emplace_back(u,v); } vector> gr(N); vector> gre(N); rep(i,N) gr[uf.root(i)].push_back(i); for(auto &[u,v]:es) gre[uf.root(u)].emplace_back(u,v); vector

res; rep(mugen,N){ auto &w=gr[mugen]; auto &e=gre[mugen]; if(w.size()<=1) continue; map id,di; rep(i,w.size()) id[w[i]]=i,di[i]=w[i]; int n=(int)w.size(); Graph g(n); for(auto &[u,v]:e) g.add_directed_edge(id[u],id[v]); StronglyConnectedComponents scc(g); if(scc.group.size()==n){ auto ord=scc.get_DAG_order(); rep(i,n-1) res.emplace_back(di[ord[i]],di[ord[i+1]]); }else{ rep(i,n){ res.emplace_back(di[i],di[(i+1)%n]); } } } cout<