import std.conv, std.functional, std.range, std.stdio, std.string; import std.algorithm, std.array, std.bigint, std.bitmanip, std.complex, std.container, std.math, std.mathspecial, std.numeric, std.regex, std.typecons; import core.bitop; class EOFException : Throwable { this() { super("EOF"); } } string[] tokens; string readToken() { for (; tokens.empty; ) { if (stdin.eof) { throw new EOFException; } tokens = readln.split; } auto token = tokens.front; tokens.popFront; return token; } int readInt() { return readToken.to!int; } long readLong() { return readToken.to!long; } real readReal() { return readToken.to!real; } bool chmin(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } bool chmax(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } int binarySearch(alias pred, T)(in T[] as) { int lo = -1, hi = cast(int)(as.length); for (; lo + 1 < hi; ) { const mid = (lo + hi) >> 1; (unaryFun!pred(as[mid]) ? hi : lo) = mid; } return hi; } int lowerBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a >= val)); } int upperBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a > val)); } int root(int[] uf, int u) { return (uf[u] < 0) ? u : (uf[u] = uf.root(uf[u])); } bool connect(int[] uf, int u, int v) { u = uf.root(u); v = uf.root(v); if (u == v) return false; if (uf[u] > uf[v]) swap(u, v); uf[u] += uf[v]; uf[v] = u; return true; } int N, M; int[] A, B; int[][] G; int[] vis; int[] us; bool dfs(int u) { bool ret = true; vis[u] = 1; foreach (i; G[u]) { const v = A[i] ^ B[i] ^ u; final switch (vis[v]) { case 0: { if (!dfs(v)) { ret = false; } } break; case 1: { ret = false; } break; case 2: { // } break; } } vis[u] = 2; us ~= u; return ret; } void main() { try { for (; ; ) { N = readInt(); M = readInt(); A = new int[M]; B = new int[M]; foreach (i; 0 .. M) { A[i] = readInt() - 1; B[i] = readInt() - 1; } G = new int[][N]; foreach (i; 0 .. M) { G[A[i]] ~= i; } auto uf = new int[N]; uf[] = -1; foreach (i; 0 .. M) { uf.connect(A[i], B[i]); } auto uss = new int[][N]; foreach (u; 0 .. N) { uss[uf.root(u)] ~= u; } alias Edge = Tuple!(int, "a", int, "b"); Edge[] ans; vis = new int[N]; foreach (r; 0 .. N) { if (uss[r]) { bool dag = true; us = []; foreach (u; uss[r]) { if (vis[u] == 0) { if (!dfs(u)) { dag = false; } } } us.reverse; debug { writeln(us, " ", dag); } const usLen = cast(int)(us.length); foreach (j; 0 .. usLen - 1) { ans ~= Edge(us[j], us[j + 1]); } if (!dag) { ans ~= Edge(us[usLen - 1], us[0]); } } } writeln(ans.length); foreach (e; ans) { writeln(e.a + 1, " ", e.b + 1); } } } catch (EOFException e) { } }