#include using namespace std; #define rep(i, n) for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) #define rep2(i, x, n) for(int i = x; i <= n; i++) #define rep3(i, x, n) for(int i = x; i >= n; i--) #define each(e, v) for(auto &e: v) #define pb push_back #define eb emplace_back #define all(x) x.begin(), x.end() #define rall(x) x.rbegin(), x.rend() #define sz(x) (int)x.size() using ll = long long; using pii = pair; using pil = pair; using pli = pair; using pll = pair; const int MOD = 1000000007; //const int MOD = 998244353; const int inf = (1<<30)-1; const ll INF = (1LL<<60)-1; template bool chmax(T &x, const T &y) {return (x < y)? (x = y, true) : false;}; template bool chmin(T &x, const T &y) {return (x > y)? (x = y, true) : false;}; struct io_setup{ io_setup(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(NULL); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); } } io_setup; struct Union_Find_Tree{ vector data; const int n; Union_Find_Tree(int n) : data(n, -1), n(n) {} int root(int x){ if(data[x] < 0) return x; return data[x] = root(data[x]); } int operator [] (int i) {return root(i);} bool unite(int x, int y){ x = root(x), y = root(y); if(x == y) return false; if(data[x] > data[y]) swap(x, y); data[x] += data[y], data[y] = x; return true; } int size(int x) {return -data[root(x)];} bool same(int x, int y) {return root(x) == root(y);} void clear() {fill(begin(data), end(data), -1);} }; template struct Graph{ struct edge{ int to, id; edge(int to, int id) : to(to), id(id) {} }; vector> es; const int n; int m; Graph(int n) : es(n), n(n), m(0) {} void add_edge(int from, int to){ es[from].emplace_back(to, m); if(!directed) es[to].emplace_back(from, m); m++; } }; template struct Strongly_Connected_Components{ struct edge{ int to, id; edge(int to, int id) : to(to), id(id) {} }; vector> es, rs; vector vs, comp; vector used; const int n; int m; Strongly_Connected_Components(int n) : es(n), rs(n), vs(n), comp(n), used(n), n(n), m(0) {} void add_edge(int from, int to){ es[from].emplace_back(to, m), rs[to].emplace_back(from, m); if(!directed) es[to].emplace_back(from, m), rs[from].emplace_back(to, m); m++; } void _dfs(int now){ used[now] = true; for(auto &e: es[now]){ if(!used[e.to]) _dfs(e.to); } vs.push_back(now); } void _rdfs(int now, int cnt){ used[now] = true, comp[now] = cnt; for(auto &e: rs[now]){ if(!used[e.to]) _rdfs(e.to, cnt); } } Graph decompose(){ fill(begin(used), end(used), false); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ if(!used[i]) _dfs(i); } fill(begin(used), end(used), false), reverse(begin(vs), end(vs)); int cnt = 0; for(auto &e: vs){ if(!used[e]) _rdfs(e, cnt++); } Graph G(cnt); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){ for(auto &e: es[i]){ int u = comp[i], v = comp[e.to]; if(u != v) G.add_edge(u, v); } } return G; } int operator [] (int k) const {return comp[k];} }; int main(){ int N, M; cin >> N >> M; Union_Find_Tree uf(N); Strongly_Connected_Components G(N); rep(i, M){ int u, v; cin >> u >> v; u--, v--; uf.unite(u, v); G.add_edge(u, v); } G.decompose(); vector> ids(N); vector ans; rep(i, N){ ids[uf[i]].eb(i); } rep(i, N){ sort(all(ids[i]), [&](int a, int b){ return G.comp[a] < G.comp[b]; }); bool flag = false; rep(j, sz(ids[i])-1){ if(G.comp[ids[i][j]] == G.comp[ids[i][j+1]]){ flag = true; } } rep(j, sz(ids[i])-1){ ans.eb(ids[i][j], ids[i][j+1]); } if(flag){ ans.eb(ids[i].back(), ids[i].front()); } } cout << sz(ans) << '\n'; each(e, ans){ cout << e.first+1 << ' ' << e.second+1 << '\n'; } }