#![allow(non_snake_case)] use crate::fps::convolution::convolution_i64; #[allow(unused_imports)] use crate::{arraylist::List, scanner::Scanner}; fn main() { let ret = calc(); println!("{}", ret); } fn calc() -> List { let mut scan = Scanner::new(); let n = scan.int(); let a = scan.readn::(n); let b = scan.readn::(n); let is = List::gen(n, |i| i as i64 + 1); let left = convolution_i64(&a, &is); let right = convolution_i64(&b, &is); left.iter().zip(right.iter()).map(|t| *t.0 + *t.1).collect() } pub mod types { pub use crate::arraylist::List as Seq; #[allow(non_camel_case_types)] pub type idx = isize; pub use crate::list as seq; pub use std::collections::hash_map as map; pub use std::collections::HashMap as Map; } pub mod arraylist { use std::ops::*; use std::slice::Iter; use std::fmt::Formatter; use std::iter::FromIterator; #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub struct List { pub data: Vec, } impl List { #[inline] pub fn new() -> List { List { data: vec![] } } #[inline] pub fn gen<'a, S>(n: isize, f: S) -> List where S: FnMut(isize) -> T + 'a, { (0..n).map(f).collect() } } macro_rules! impl_idx { ($($tpe:ty, $t:ident [$($output:tt)+], $slf:ident, $index:ident, $f:expr),*) => { $(impl<$t> Index<$tpe> for List<$t> { type Output = $($output)+; #[inline] fn index(&$slf, $index: $tpe) -> &Self::Output {$f} })* $(impl<$t> Index<$tpe> for lst<$t> { type Output = $($output)+; #[inline] fn index(&$slf, $index: $tpe) -> &Self::Output {$f} })* } } macro_rules! impl_idx_mut { ($($tpe:ty, $slf:ident, $index:ident, $f:expr),*) => { $(impl IndexMut<$tpe> for List { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut $slf, $index: $tpe) -> &mut Self::Output {$f} })* $(impl IndexMut<$tpe> for lst { #[inline] fn index_mut(&mut $slf, $index: $tpe) -> &mut Self::Output {$f} })* }; } macro_rules! impl_idx_slice { ($($tpe:ty),*) => { impl_idx!($($tpe, T [lst], self, i, self.as_slice(i)),*); impl_idx_mut!($($tpe, self, i, self.as_slice_mut(i)),*); }; } impl_idx! { isize, T [T], self, i, self.at(i), char, T [T], self, i, self.at(i as isize - 'a' as isize) } impl_idx_slice! { Range, RangeTo, RangeFrom, RangeFull, RangeInclusive, RangeToInclusive } impl_idx_mut! { isize, self, i, self.at_mut(i), char, self, i, self.at_mut(i as isize - 'a' as isize) } impl FromIterator for List { #[inline] fn from_iter>(iter: U) -> Self { List { data: iter.into_iter().collect(), } } } impl IntoIterator for List { type Item = T; type IntoIter = std::vec::IntoIter; #[inline] fn into_iter(self) -> std::vec::IntoIter { self.data.into_iter() } } macro_rules! impl_traits { ($($tpe:tt),*) => { $( impl std::fmt::Display for $tpe { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "{}", self.iter().map(|x| format!("{}", x)).collect::>().join(" ")) } } impl std::fmt::Debug for $tpe { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { self.data.fmt(f) } } impl<'a, T> IntoIterator for &'a $tpe { type Item = &'a T; type IntoIter = Iter<'a, T>; #[inline] fn into_iter(self) -> Iter<'a, T> { self.iter() } } )* }; } impl_traits!(List, lst); impl From> for List { #[inline] fn from(vec: Vec) -> Self { List { data: vec } } } impl From<&[T]> for List { #[inline] fn from(slice: &[T]) -> Self { slice.iter().cloned().collect() } } impl Deref for List { type Target = lst; #[inline] fn deref(&self) -> &lst { lst::new(&self.data) } } impl DerefMut for List { #[inline] fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut lst { lst::new_mut(&mut self.data) } } #[macro_export] macro_rules! list { () => { $crate::arraylist::List::new() }; ($($v:expr),+ $(,)?) => { $crate::arraylist::List::from([$($v),+].to_vec()) }; ($v:expr; $a:expr) => { $crate::arraylist::List::init($v, $a)}; ($v:expr; $a:expr; $($rest:expr);+) => { $crate::arraylist::List::init(list!($v; $($rest);+), $a) }; } #[allow(non_camel_case_types)] #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)] #[repr(transparent)] pub struct lst { data: [T], } impl lst { #[inline] pub fn new(slice: &[T]) -> &Self { unsafe { &*(slice as *const [T] as *const Self) } } #[inline] pub fn new_mut(slice: &mut [T]) -> &mut Self { unsafe { &mut *(slice as *mut [T] as *mut Self) } } #[inline] fn at(&self, index: isize) -> &T { if cfg!(debug_assertions) { self.data.index(index as usize) } else { unsafe { self.data.get_unchecked(index as usize) } } } #[inline] fn at_mut(&mut self, index: isize) -> &mut T { if cfg!(debug_assertions) { self.data.index_mut(index as usize) } else { unsafe { self.data.get_unchecked_mut(index as usize) } } } #[inline] pub fn as_slice(&self, range: impl RangeBounds) -> &lst { if cfg!(debug_assertions) { lst::new(self.data.index(self.rgm(range))) } else { unsafe { lst::new(self.data.get_unchecked(self.rgm(range))) } } } #[inline] pub fn as_slice_mut(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds) -> &mut lst { if cfg!(debug_assertions) { lst::new_mut(self.data.index_mut(self.rgm(range))) } else { let r = self.rgm(range); unsafe { lst::new_mut(self.data.get_unchecked_mut(r)) } } } #[inline] fn rgm(&self, r: impl RangeBounds) -> Range { (match r.start_bound() { Bound::Included(x) => *x as usize, Bound::Excluded(x) => *x as usize + 1, _ => 0, }) .max(0)..(match r.end_bound() { Bound::Included(x) => *x as usize + 1, Bound::Excluded(x) => *x as usize, _ => self.data.len(), }) .min(self.data.len()) } } impl lst {} impl Deref for lst { type Target = [T]; #[inline] fn deref(&self) -> &[T] { &self.data } } impl DerefMut for lst { #[inline] fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [T] { &mut self.data } } impl<'a, T> From<&'a [T]> for &'a lst { #[inline] fn from(slice: &'a [T]) -> Self { lst::new(slice) } } } pub mod modulo { use crate::nums::inv_gcd; use crate::{ impl_num_functions, independent::integer::{Int, Num}, }; use std::cell::RefCell; use std::fmt::Debug; use std::marker::PhantomData; use std::ops::*; use std::sync::atomic::{self, AtomicU32}; use std::thread::LocalKey; pub trait Modulus: 'static + PartialEq + Eq + Copy + Clone + std::hash::Hash + Ord { const M: u32; const HINT_M_IS_PRIME: bool; fn butterfly_cache() -> &'static LocalKey>>>; } pub trait DynamicModulus: 'static + PartialEq + Eq + Copy + Clone + std::hash::Hash + Ord { fn state() -> &'static AtomicU32 { static M: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(1_000_000_007); &M } fn update(m: u32) { Self::state().store(m, atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) } fn umod() -> u32 { Self::state().load(atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) } } #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub enum DefaultId {} impl DynamicModulus for DefaultId {} macro_rules! impl_from_for_modint { ($name:ident, $guard: ident, $($tpe:ident),*) => { $( impl From<$tpe> for $name { fn from(n: $tpe) -> Self { Self::new(n) } } )* }; } macro_rules! impl_assign { ($name:ident, $guard:ident, $($t1:ty, $t2:ty, $fa:ident, $f:ident),*) => { $( impl $t1 for $name { type Output = Self; #[inline] fn $f(self, other: Self) -> Self { ::$f(self, other) } } impl $t2 for $name { #[inline] fn $fa(&mut self, other: Self) { *self = ::$f(*self, other); } } )* }; } macro_rules! impl_modint_structs { ($name:ident, $guard:ident) => { #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)] #[repr(transparent)] pub struct $name { pub val: u32, phantom: PhantomData T>, } impl Debug for $name { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result { self.val.fmt(f) } } impl $name { #[inline] pub fn new(a: U) -> Self { ::new(a) } #[inline] pub fn inv(self) -> Self { ::inv(self) } #[inline] pub fn raw(val: u32) -> Self { Self { val, phantom: PhantomData, } } #[inline] pub fn pow(self, x: U) -> Self { ::pow(self, x) } #[inline] pub fn zero() -> Self { ::zero() } #[inline] pub fn one() -> Self { ::one() } } impl Default for $name { fn default() -> Self { Self::zero() } } impl std::fmt::Display for $name { fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result { write!(f, "{}", self.val) } } impl_from_for_modint!( $name, $guard, u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, usize, isize ); impl_assign!( $name, $guard, Add, AddAssign, add_assign, add, Sub, SubAssign, sub_assign, sub, Mul, MulAssign, mul_assign, mul, Div, DivAssign, div_assign, div, Rem, RemAssign, rem_assign, rem ); impl Num for $name { impl_num_functions!(|s: &Self| s.val, |x| Self::new(x as i128), |s: Self| if s < Self::zero() { -1 } else if s > Self::zero() { 1 } else { 0 }); } impl Int for $name { fn powint(&self, n: i64) -> Self { self.pow(n) } fn cmul(&self, b: Self) -> Option { Some(*self * b) } } }; } impl_modint_structs!(StaticModInt, Modulus); impl_modint_structs!(DynamicModInt, DynamicModulus); #[macro_export] macro_rules! modint { ($name:ident) => { $crate::modint!($name, $name, true); }; ($value:expr, $name:ident, $is_prime:literal) => { #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Copy, Clone, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)] pub enum $name {} impl $crate::modulo::Modulus for $name { const M: u32 = $value as _; const HINT_M_IS_PRIME: bool = $is_prime; fn butterfly_cache() -> &'static ::std::thread::LocalKey<::std::cell::RefCell<::std::option::Option<$crate::modulo::ButterflyCache>>> { thread_local! { static BUTTERFLY_CACHE: ::std::cell::RefCell<::std::option::Option<$crate::modulo::ButterflyCache<$name>>> = ::std::default::Default::default(); } &BUTTERFLY_CACHE } } }; } #[allow(non_upper_case_globals)] const F1e9_7: u32 = 1000000007; modint!(F1e9_7); pub type F = StaticModInt; const F998244353: u32 = 998244353; modint!(F998244353); pub type D = DynamicModInt; pub trait ModInt: Int { fn new(val: U) -> Self { let x = val.to_i128(); Self::raw(x.rem_euclid(Self::modulus() as i128) as _) } fn inv(self) -> Self { if Self::mod_is_prime() { Self::pow(self, Self::modulus() - 2) } else { let (g, x) = inv_gcd(Self::val(self) as _, Self::modulus() as _); if g != 1 { panic!("the multiplicative inverse does not exist"); } else { Self::new(x) } } } fn raw(val: u32) -> Self; fn val(self) -> u32; fn modulus() -> u32; fn mod_is_prime() -> bool; fn add(self, other: Self) -> Self { let mut ret = self.val() + other.val(); if ret >= Self::modulus() { ret -= Self::modulus(); } Self::raw(ret) } fn sub(self, other: Self) -> Self { let mut ret = self.val().wrapping_sub(other.val()); if ret >= Self::modulus() { ret = ret.wrapping_add(Self::modulus()); } Self::raw(ret) } fn mul(self, other: Self) -> Self { Self::raw( (u64::from(self.val()) * u64::from(other.val()) % u64::from(Self::modulus())) as _, ) } fn div(self, other: Self) -> Self { self * other.inv() } fn rem(self, other: Self) -> Self { Self::raw(self.val() % other.val()) } fn pow(self, x: U) -> Self { let mut n = x.to_i64(); let mut a = self; let mut res = Self::raw(1); while n > 0 { if n & 1 == 1 { res *= a; } a = a * a; n >>= 1; } res } } impl ModInt for StaticModInt { fn raw(val: u32) -> Self { Self::raw(val) } fn val(self) -> u32 { self.val } fn modulus() -> u32 { M::M } fn mod_is_prime() -> bool { M::HINT_M_IS_PRIME } } impl ModInt for DynamicModInt { fn raw(val: u32) -> Self { Self::raw(val) } fn val(self) -> u32 { self.val } fn modulus() -> u32 { M::umod() } fn mod_is_prime() -> bool { false } } pub struct ButterflyCache { pub sum_e: Vec>, pub sum_ie: Vec>, } } pub mod independent { pub mod integer { use std::fmt::Debug; use std::fmt::Display; use std::ops::*; pub trait Num: Add + Sub + Mul + Div + AddAssign + SubAssign + MulAssign + DivAssign + PartialEq + PartialOrd + Copy + Debug + Display { fn to_u32(&self) -> u32; fn to_u64(&self) -> u64; fn to_u128(&self) -> u128; fn to_i32(&self) -> i32; fn to_i64(&self) -> i64; fn to_i128(&self) -> i128; fn to_usize(&self) -> usize; fn to_isize(&self) -> isize; fn to_f64(&self) -> f64; fn from_i32(x: i32) -> Self; fn from_u32(x: u32) -> Self; fn from_u64(x: u64) -> Self; fn from_u128(x: u128) -> Self; fn from_i64(x: i64) -> Self; fn from_i128(x: i128) -> Self; fn from_usize(x: usize) -> Self; fn from_isize(x: isize) -> Self; fn from_f64(x: f64) -> Self; fn zero() -> Self; fn one() -> Self; fn approx_sign(self) -> i32; fn approx_eq(self, other: Self) -> bool { (self - other).approx_sign() == 0 } } pub trait Int: Num + Rem + RemAssign + Ord { fn powint(&self, n: i64) -> Self; fn cmul(&self, b: Self) -> Option; } pub trait Float: Num {} #[macro_export] macro_rules! impl_num_functions { ($to_op:expr, $from_op:expr, $appx_op:expr) => { impl_num_functions!( $to_op, $from_op, to_u32, from_u32, u32, to_u64, from_u64, u64, to_u128, from_u128, u128, to_i32, from_i32, i32, to_i64, from_i64, i64, to_i128, from_i128, i128, to_usize, from_usize, usize, to_isize, from_isize, isize, to_f64, from_f64, f64 ); fn approx_sign(self) -> i32 {($appx_op)(self)} }; ($to_op:expr, $from_op:expr, $($tofn:ident, $fromfn:ident, $tpe:ident),*) => { $( fn $tofn(&self) -> $tpe { $to_op(self) as $tpe } fn $fromfn(x: $tpe) -> Self { $from_op(x) } )* fn zero() -> Self {$from_op(0)} fn one() -> Self {$from_op(1)} }; } macro_rules! impl_num_int { ($($tpe:ident),*) => { $( impl Num for $tpe { impl_num_functions!( |s: &Self| *s, |x| x as $tpe, |s: Self| if s < Self::zero() {-1} else if s > Self::zero() {1} else {0} ); } impl Int for $tpe { fn powint(&self, n: i64) -> Self { self.pow(n as u32) as $tpe } fn cmul(&self, b: Self) -> Option {self.checked_mul(b)} } )* }; } impl_num_int!(u8, u16, u32, u64, u128, i8, i16, i32, i64, i128, usize, isize); pub const EPS: f64 = 1e-6; impl Num for f64 { impl_num_functions!(|s: &Self| *s, |x| x as f64, |s: Self| if s < -EPS { -1 } else if s > EPS { 1 } else { 0 }); } impl Float for f64 {} } } pub mod fps { pub mod convolution { use crate::{ arraylist::List, independent::integer::{Int, Num}, modint, modulo::{ButterflyCache, Modulus, StaticModInt}, nums::*, }; fn prepare() -> ButterflyCache { let g = StaticModInt::::raw(primitive_root(M::M as i32) as u32); let mut es = [StaticModInt::::raw(0); 30]; let mut ies = [StaticModInt::::raw(0); 30]; let cnt2 = (M::M - 1).trailing_zeros() as usize; let mut e = g.pow((M::M - 1) >> cnt2); let mut ie = e.inv(); for i in (2..=cnt2).rev() { es[i - 2] = e; ies[i - 2] = ie; e *= e; ie *= ie; } let sum_e = es .iter() .scan(StaticModInt::new(1), |acc, e| { *acc *= *e; Some(*acc) }) .collect(); let sum_ie = ies .iter() .scan(StaticModInt::new(1), |acc, ie| { *acc *= *ie; Some(*acc) }) .collect(); ButterflyCache { sum_e, sum_ie } } fn butterfly(a: &mut [StaticModInt]) { let n = a.len(); let h = ceil_pow2(n as u32); M::butterfly_cache().with(|cache| { let mut cache = cache.borrow_mut(); let ButterflyCache { sum_e, .. } = cache.get_or_insert_with(prepare); for ph in 1..=h { let w = 1 << (ph - 1); let p = 1 << (h - ph); let mut now = StaticModInt::::new(1); for s in 0..w { let offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for i in 0..p { let l = a[i + offset]; let r = a[i + offset + p] * now; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = l - r; } now *= sum_e[(!s).trailing_zeros() as usize]; } } }); } fn butterfly_inv(a: &mut [StaticModInt]) { let n = a.len(); let h = ceil_pow2(n as u32); M::butterfly_cache().with(|cache| { let mut cache = cache.borrow_mut(); let ButterflyCache { sum_ie, .. } = cache.get_or_insert_with(prepare); for ph in (1..=h).rev() { let w = 1 << (ph - 1); let p = 1 << (h - ph); let mut inow = StaticModInt::::new(1); for s in 0..w { let offset = s << (h - ph + 1); for i in 0..p { let l = a[i + offset]; let r = a[i + offset + p]; a[i + offset] = l + r; a[i + offset + p] = StaticModInt::new(M::M + l.val - r.val) * inow; } inow *= sum_ie[(!s).trailing_zeros() as usize]; } } }) } pub fn convolution_naive(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> List { if a.is_empty() || b.is_empty() { return vec![].into(); } let (n, m) = (a.len(), b.len()); let (n, m, a, b) = if n < m { (m, n, b, a) } else { (n, m, a, b) }; let mut ans = vec![T::zero(); n + m - 1]; for i in 0..n { for j in 0..m { ans[i + j] += a[i] * b[j]; } } ans.into() } pub fn convolution_ntt( a: &[StaticModInt], b: &[StaticModInt], ) -> List> { if a.is_empty() || b.is_empty() { return vec![].into(); } let (n, m) = (a.len(), b.len()); if n.min(m) <= 60 { return convolution_naive(a, b); } let (mut a, mut b) = (a.to_owned(), b.to_owned()); let z = 1 << ceil_pow2((n + m - 1) as _); a.resize(z, StaticModInt::raw(0)); butterfly(&mut a); b.resize(z, StaticModInt::raw(0)); butterfly(&mut b); for (a, b) in a.iter_mut().zip(&b) { *a *= *b; } butterfly_inv(&mut a); a.resize(n + m - 1, StaticModInt::raw(0)); let iz = StaticModInt::new(z).inv(); for a in &mut a { *a *= iz; } a.into() } fn convolution_raw(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> List { convolution_raw_mod::(&a, &b) .into_iter() .map(|z| T::from_u32(z.val)) .collect() } fn convolution_raw_mod(a: &[T], b: &[T]) -> List> { let a = a .iter() .cloned() .map(StaticModInt::::new) .collect::>(); let b = b .iter() .cloned() .map(StaticModInt::::new) .collect::>(); convolution_ntt::(&a, &b) } pub fn convolution_i64(a: &[i64], b: &[i64]) -> List { const M1: u64 = 754_974_721; const M2: u64 = 167_772_161; const M3: u64 = 469_762_049; const M2M3: u64 = M2 * M3; const M1M3: u64 = M1 * M3; const M1M2: u64 = M1 * M2; const M1M2M3: u64 = M1M2.wrapping_mul(M3); modint!(M1); modint!(M2); modint!(M3); if a.is_empty() || b.is_empty() { return List::new(); } let (_, i1) = inv_gcd(M2M3 as _, M1 as _); let (_, i2) = inv_gcd(M1M3 as _, M2 as _); let (_, i3) = inv_gcd(M1M2 as _, M3 as _); let c1 = convolution_raw::<_, M1>(a, b); let c2 = convolution_raw::<_, M2>(a, b); let c3 = convolution_raw::<_, M3>(a, b); c1.into_iter() .zip(c2) .zip(c3) .map(|((c1, c2), c3)| { const OFFSET: &[u64] = &[0, 0, M1M2M3, 2 * M1M2M3, 3 * M1M2M3]; let mut x = [(c1, i1, M1, M2M3), (c2, i2, M2, M1M3), (c3, i3, M3, M1M2)] .iter() .map(|&(c, i, m1, m2)| { c.wrapping_mul(i).rem_euclid(m1 as _).wrapping_mul(m2 as _) }) .fold(0, i64::wrapping_add); let mut diff = c1 - x.rem_euclid(M1 as _); if diff < 0 { diff += M1 as i64; } x = x.wrapping_sub(OFFSET[diff.rem_euclid(5) as usize] as _); x }) .collect() } } } pub mod scanner { use std::io::{stdin, BufReader, Bytes, Read, Stdin}; use crate::types::*; use std::str::FromStr; pub struct Scanner { buf: Bytes>, } impl Scanner { pub fn new() -> Scanner { Scanner { buf: BufReader::new(stdin()).bytes(), } } #[inline] fn token>(&mut self) -> T { self.buf .by_ref() .map(|c| c.unwrap() as char) .skip_while(|c| c.is_whitespace()) .take_while(|c| !c.is_whitespace()) .collect() } #[inline] pub fn read(&mut self) -> T { self.string().parse().ok().unwrap() } #[inline] pub fn readn(&mut self, n: idx) -> Seq { (0..n).map(|_| self.read::()).collect() } #[inline] pub fn string(&mut self) -> String { self.token() } #[inline] pub fn int(&mut self) -> idx { self.read() } } } pub mod nums { use std::mem::swap; pub fn ceil_pow2(n: u32) -> u32 { 32 - n.saturating_sub(1).leading_zeros() } pub fn inv_gcd(a: i64, b: i64) -> (i64, i64) { let a = a.rem_euclid(b); if a == 0 { return (b, 0); } let mut s = b; let mut t = a; let mut m0 = 0; let mut m1 = 1; while t != 0 { let u = s / t; s -= t * u; m0 -= m1 * u; swap(&mut s, &mut t); swap(&mut m0, &mut m1); } if m0 < 0 { m0 += b / s; } (s, m0) } pub fn primitive_root(m: i32) -> i32 { match m { 2 => return 1, 167_772_161 => return 3, 469_762_049 => return 3, 754_974_721 => return 11, 998_244_353 => return 3, _ => {} } let mut divs = [0; 20]; divs[0] = 2; let mut cnt = 1; let mut x = (m - 1) / 2; while x % 2 == 0 { x /= 2; } for i in (3..std::i32::MAX).step_by(2) { if i as i64 * i as i64 > x as i64 { break; } if x % i == 0 { divs[cnt] = i; cnt += 1; while x % i == 0 { x /= i; } } } if x > 1 { divs[cnt] = x; cnt += 1; } let mut g = 2; loop { if (0..cnt).all(|i| pow_mod(g as _, ((m - 1) / divs[i]) as _, m as _) != 1) { break g as i32; } g += 1; } } pub fn pow_mod(mut a: i64, mut n: i64, m: i64) -> i64 { let mut res = 1; a %= m; while n > 0 { if n & 1 == 1 { res *= a; res %= m; } a = (a * a) % m; n >>= 1; } res } }