#include //#include //#include #define ll long long int #define ld long double #define pb push_back #define fi first #define se second #define all(x) x.begin(),x.end() #define mem(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x)) #define sz(x) (int)x.size() #define pii pair #define pll pair #define pi 3.141592653589793238 #define INF 1e9+7 #define INFL 1e18 #define mod 1000000007 //#define mod 998244353 #define fast ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0); cin.tie(0); cout.tie(0); using namespace std; //using namespace __gnu_pbds; //typedef tree,rb_tree_tag,tree_order_statistics_node_update> os; //typedef tree,rb_tree_tag,tree_order_statistics_node_update> os_pair; ll power(ll x,ll n){ll res =1;while(n>0){if(n%2==1){res=res*x;}x=x*x;n=n/2;}return res;} ll powm(ll a,ll b) {ll res=1;a%=mod; assert(b>=0); for(;b;b>>=1){if(b&1)res=res*a%mod;a=a*a%mod;}return res;} //cout<< fixed << setprecision(10) //__builtin_popcountll() void solve(){ ll n,i,j,k; cin>>n>>k; ll a[n+1]; ll x=0; for(i=0;i>a[i]; x=x^a[i]; } a[n]=x; k--; k=k%(n+1); cout<>t; //assert(1 <= t && t <= 10); while(t--) { solve(); } }