from time import sleep
from sys import stdin
pin=stdin.readline
t=int(pin())
for _ in[0]*t:
  a,b=map(int,pin().split())
  ans=0
  now=0
  for _ in[0]*b:
    now+=a
    ans+=1
  while now>0:
    now-=1
    ans+=1
  print(ans)
sleep(0.1)