import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.util.*
import kotlin.math.*

fun PrintWriter.solve() {
    val numCases = nextInt()
    case@ for (_i in 0 until numCases) {
        val a = nextInt()
        val b = nextInt()
        var ans = 0
        var now = 0
        for (i in 0 until b) {
            now += a
            ans++
        }
        while (now > 0) {
            now--
            ans++
        }
        println(ans)
    }
}

fun main() {
    val writer = PrintWriter(System.out, false)
    writer.solve()
    writer.flush()
}

// region Scanner
private var st = StringTokenizer("")
private val br = System.`in`.bufferedReader()

fun next(): String {
    while (!st.hasMoreTokens()) st = StringTokenizer(br.readLine())
    return st.nextToken()
}

fun nextInt() = next().toInt()
fun nextLong() = next().toLong()
fun nextLine() = br.readLine()
fun nextDouble() = next().toDouble()
// endregion