#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define X first #define Y second #define pb push_back #define rep(X,Y) for (int (X) = 0;(X) < (int)(Y);++(X)) #define reps(X,S,Y) for (int (X) = (int)(S);(X) < (int)(Y);++(X)) #define rrep(X,Y) for (int (X) = (int)(Y)-1;(X) >=0;--(X)) #define rreps(X,S,Y) for (int (X) = (int)(Y)-1;(X) >= (int)(S);--(X)) #define repe(X,Y) for ((X) = 0;(X) < (Y);++(X)) #define peat(X,Y) for (;(X) < (Y);++(X)) #define all(X) (X).begin(),(X).end() #define rall(X) (X).rbegin(),(X).rend() #define eb emplace_back #define UNIQUE(X) (X).erase(unique(all(X)),(X).end()) #define Endl endl #define NL <<"\n" #define cauto const auto using namespace std; using ll=long long; using pii=pair; using pll=pair; template using vv=vector>; template inline bool MX(T &l,const T &r){return l inline bool MN(T &l,const T &r){return l>r?l=r,1:0;} //#undef NUIP #ifdef NUIP #include "benri.h" #else #define out(args...) #endif void ouT(ll x,int d=3){auto re=to_string(x);if((int)re.size()>d) re=x>0?"oo":"-oo";cout<vector table(int n, T v){ return vector(n, v);} template auto table(int n, Args... args){auto val = table(args...); return vector(n, move(val));} #endif template pair operator+(const pair &p,const pair &q){ return {p.X+q.X,p.Y+q.Y};} template pair& operator+=(pair &p,const pair &q){ p.X+=q.X; p.Y+=q.Y; return p;} template pair operator-(const pair &p,const pair &q){ return {p.X-q.X,p.Y-q.Y};} template pair& operator-=(pair &p,const pair &q){ p.X-=q.X; p.Y-=q.Y; return p;} template istream& operator>>(istream &is, pair &p){ is>>p.X>>p.Y; return is;} template T read(){ T re; cin>>re; return re;} template T read(const T &dec){ T re; cin>>re; return re-dec;} template vector readV(const int sz){ vector re(sz); for(auto &x:re) x=read(); return re;} template vector readV(const int sz, const T &dec){ vector re(sz); for(auto &x:re) x=read(dec); return re;} vv readG(const int &n,const int &m){ vv g(n); rep(_,m){ cauto a=read(1),b=read(1); g[a].pb(b); g[b].pb(a);} return g;} vv readG(const int &n){ return readG(n,n-1);} vv readD(const int &n,const int &m){ vv g(n); rep(_,m){ cauto a=read(1),b=read(1); g[a].pb(b); } return g;} vv readD(const int &n){ return readD(n,n-1);} template vv> readG(const int &n,const int &m){ vv> g(n); rep(_,m){ cauto a=read(1),b=read(1); cauto c=read(); g[a].eb(b,c); g[b].eb(a,c);} return g;} template vv> readG(const int &n){ return readG(n,n-1);} template vv> readD(const int &n,const int &m){ vv> g(n); rep(_,m){ cauto a=read(1),b=read(1); cauto c=read(); g[a].eb(b,c); } return g;} template vv> readD(const int &n){ return readD(n,n-1);} template bool erase(multiset &st, const T &v){if(cauto it=st.find(v); it==st.end()) return false; else{ st.erase(it); return true;}} #ifdef __cpp_init_captures template vector readT(int n, T v){ return readV(n,v);} template auto readT(int n, Args... args){ vector re(1,readT(args...));rep(_,n-1) re.eb(readT(args...)); return re;} template void addadd(T& t1, const T& t2, integer_sequence){ cauto l = { (get(t1) += get(t2), 0)... }; (void)l;} template tuple& operator += (tuple& lhs, const tuple& rhs){ addadd(lhs, rhs, index_sequence_for{}); return lhs;} template tuple operator +(tuple lhs, const tuple& rhs){ return lhs += rhs;} template void subsub(T& t1, const T& t2, integer_sequence){ cauto l = { (get(t1) -= get(t2), 0)... }; (void)l;} template tuple& operator -= (tuple& lhs, const tuple& rhs){ subsub(lhs, rhs, index_sequence_for{}); return lhs;} template tuple operator - (tuple lhs, const tuple& rhs){ return lhs -= rhs;} template void read_tuple_impl(istream &is, Tuple& t, index_sequence){((is >> get(t)), ...);} template auto& operator>>(istream &is, tuple& t){ read_tuple_impl(is, t, index_sequence_for{}); return is;} #endif #define TT cauto TTT=read();rep(_,TTT) const ll MOD=1e9+7; //998244353; int main(){ ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); cin.tie(0); cout< as(n); vv bs(n); rep(i,n){ cin>>as[i]; bs[i]=readV(read(),1); } ll re=0; rep(_,t){ vector dp(n); vector prv(n,-1); rep(i,n){ if(i && MX(dp[i], dp[i-1])) prv[i]=n; for(cauto &j:bs[i])if(MX(dp[i], dp[j]-as[j]+as[i])) prv[i]=j; } auto i=max_element(all(dp))-dp.begin(); re+=dp[i]; auto hoge=dp[i]; while(prv[i]>=0){ if(prv[i]==n){ --i; }else{ cauto j=prv[i]; bs[i].erase(find(all(bs[i]),j)); hoge-=as[i]-as[j]; out(j,i,1); i=j; } } assert(hoge==0); } cout<