#define LOCAL #include using namespace std; #pragma region Macros typedef long long ll; typedef __int128_t i128; typedef unsigned int uint; typedef unsigned long long ull; #define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() template istream& operator>>(istream& is, vector& v) { for (T& x : v) is >> x; return is; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const vector& v) { for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) { os << v[i] << (i + 1 == (int)v.size() ? "" : " "); } return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const pair& p) { os << '(' << p.first << ',' << p.second << ')'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const map& m) { os << '{'; for (auto itr = m.begin(); itr != m.end();) { os << '(' << itr->first << ',' << itr->second << ')'; if (++itr != m.end()) os << ','; } os << '}'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_map& m) { os << '{'; for (auto itr = m.begin(); itr != m.end();) { os << '(' << itr->first << ',' << itr->second << ')'; if (++itr != m.end()) os << ','; } os << '}'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const set& s) { os << '{'; for (auto itr = s.begin(); itr != s.end();) { os << *itr; if (++itr != s.end()) os << ','; } os << '}'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const multiset& s) { os << '{'; for (auto itr = s.begin(); itr != s.end();) { os << *itr; if (++itr != s.end()) os << ','; } os << '}'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const unordered_set& s) { os << '{'; for (auto itr = s.begin(); itr != s.end();) { os << *itr; if (++itr != s.end()) os << ','; } os << '}'; return os; } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const deque& v) { for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) { os << v[i] << (i + 1 == (int)v.size() ? "" : " "); } return os; } template void print_tuple(ostream&, const T&) {} template void print_tuple(ostream& os, const T& t) { if (i) os << ','; os << get(t); print_tuple(os, t); } template ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const tuple& t) { os << '{'; print_tuple<0, tuple, Args...>(os, t); return os << '}'; } void debug_out() { cerr << '\n'; } template void debug_out(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cerr << head; if (sizeof...(Tail) > 0) cerr << ", "; debug_out(move(tail)...); } #ifdef LOCAL #define debug(...) \ cerr << " "; \ cerr << #__VA_ARGS__ << " :[" << __LINE__ << ":" << __FUNCTION__ << "]" << '\n'; \ cerr << " "; \ debug_out(__VA_ARGS__) #else #define debug(...) 42 #endif template T gcd(T x, T y) { return y != 0 ? gcd(y, x % y) : x; } template T lcm(T x, T y) { return x / gcd(x, y) * y; } int topbit(signed t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 31 - __builtin_clz(t); } int topbit(long long t) { return t == 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(t); } int botbit(signed a) { return a == 0 ? 32 : __builtin_ctz(a); } int botbit(long long a) { return a == 0 ? 64 : __builtin_ctzll(a); } int popcount(signed t) { return __builtin_popcount(t); } int popcount(long long t) { return __builtin_popcountll(t); } bool ispow2(int i) { return i && (i & -i) == i; } template T ceil(T x, T y) { assert(y >= 1); return (x > 0 ? (x + y - 1) / y : x / y); } template T floor(T x, T y) { assert(y >= 1); return (x > 0 ? x / y : (x - y + 1) / y); } template inline bool chmin(T1& a, T2 b) { if (a > b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } template inline bool chmax(T1& a, T2 b) { if (a < b) { a = b; return true; } return false; } #pragma endregion #include #include #include template class modint { using i64 = int64_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; static_assert(Modulus < static_cast(1) << 31, "Modulus must be less than 2**31"); static constexpr u32 mod = Modulus; u32 v; public: constexpr modint(const i64 x = 0) noexcept : v(x < 0 ? mod - 1 - (-(x + 1) % mod) : x % mod) {} constexpr u32& val() noexcept { return v; } constexpr const u32& val() const noexcept { return v; } constexpr modint operator+(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return modint(*this) += rhs; } constexpr modint operator-(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return modint(*this) -= rhs; } constexpr modint operator*(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return modint(*this) *= rhs; } constexpr modint operator/(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return modint(*this) /= rhs; } constexpr modint& operator+=(const modint& rhs) noexcept { v += rhs.v; if (v >= mod) v -= mod; return *this; } constexpr modint& operator-=(const modint& rhs) noexcept { if (v < rhs.v) v += mod; v -= rhs.v; return *this; } constexpr modint& operator*=(const modint& rhs) noexcept { v = (u64)v * rhs.v % mod; return *this; } constexpr modint& operator/=(const modint& rhs) noexcept { return *this *= rhs.inv(); } constexpr modint pow(long long n) const noexcept { assert(0 <= n); modint self(*this), res(1); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) res *= self; self *= self; n >>= 1; } return res; } constexpr modint inv() const noexcept { assert(*this != 0); return pow(mod - 2); } constexpr modint& operator++() noexcept { if (++v == mod) v = 0; return *this; } constexpr modint& operator--() noexcept { if (v == 0) v = mod; return --v, *this; } constexpr modint operator++(int) noexcept { modint t = *this; return ++*this, t; } constexpr modint operator--(int) noexcept { modint t = *this; return --*this, t; } constexpr modint operator-() const noexcept { return modint(mod - v); } template friend constexpr modint operator+(T x, modint y) noexcept { return modint(x) + y; } template friend constexpr modint operator-(T x, modint y) noexcept { return modint(x) - y; } template friend constexpr modint operator*(T x, modint y) noexcept { return modint(x) * y; } template friend constexpr modint operator/(T x, modint y) noexcept { return modint(x) / y; } constexpr bool operator==(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return v == rhs.v; } constexpr bool operator!=(const modint& rhs) const noexcept { return v != rhs.v; } constexpr bool operator!() const noexcept { return !v; } friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& s, modint& rhs) noexcept { i64 v; rhs = modint{(s >> v, v)}; return s; } friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const modint& rhs) noexcept { return s << rhs.v; } }; /** * @brief modint * @docs docs/modulo/modint.md */ #include #include #include template struct Matrix { std::vector> A; Matrix(size_t n, size_t m) : A(n, std::vector(m, 0)) {} Matrix(size_t n) : A(n, std::vector(n, 0)) {} size_t size() const { return A.size(); } size_t height() const { return A.size(); } size_t width() const { return A[0].size(); } inline const std::vector& operator[](int k) const { return A[k]; } inline std::vector& operator[](int k) { return A[k]; } static Matrix I(size_t n) { Matrix res(n); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) res[i][i] = 1; return res; } Matrix& operator+=(const Matrix& B) { size_t n = height(), m = width(); assert(n == B.height() && m == B.width()); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < m; j++) { (*this)[i][j] += B[i][j]; } } return *this; } Matrix& operator-=(const Matrix& B) { size_t n = height(), m = width(); assert(n == B.height() && m == B.width()); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < m; j++) { (*this)[i][j] -= B[i][j]; } } return *this; } Matrix& operator*=(const Matrix& B) { size_t n = height(), m = B.width(), p = width(); assert(p == B.height()); std::vector> C(n, std::vector(m, 0)); for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (size_t k = 0; k < p; k++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < m; j++) { C[i][j] += (*this)[i][k] * B[k][j]; } } } A.swap(C); return *this; } Matrix& operator*=(const T& v) { for (size_t i = 0; i < height(); i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < width(); j++) { (*this)[i][j] *= v; } } return *this; } Matrix& operator/=(const T& v) { T inv = T(1) / v; for (size_t i = 0; i < height(); i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < width(); j++) { (*this)[i][j] *= inv; } } return *this; } Matrix& operator^=(long long k) { assert(0 <= k); Matrix B = Matrix::I(size()); while (k > 0) { if (k & 1) B *= *this; *this *= *this; k >>= 1; } A.swap(B.A); return *this; } Matrix operator-() const { Matrix res(height(), width()); for (size_t i = 0; i < height(); i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < width(); j++) { res[i][j] = -(*this)[i][j]; } } return res; } Matrix operator+(const Matrix& B) const { return Matrix(*this) += B; } Matrix operator-(const Matrix& B) const { return Matrix(*this) -= B; } Matrix operator*(const Matrix& B) const { return Matrix(*this) *= B; } Matrix operator*(const T& v) const { return Matrix(*this) *= v; } Matrix operator/(const T& v) const { return Matrix(*this) /= v; } Matrix operator^(const long long k) const { return Matrix(*this) ^= k; } bool operator==(const Matrix& B) const { assert(height() == B.height() && width() == B.width()); return A == B.A; } bool operator!=(const Matrix& B) const { assert(height() == B.height() && width() == B.width()); return A != B.A; } Matrix transpose() const { Matrix res(width(), height()); for (size_t i = 0; i < height(); i++) { for (size_t j = 0; j < width(); j++) { res[j][i] = (*this)[i][j]; } } return res; } T determinant() const { assert(height() == width()); Matrix B(*this); T res = 1; for (size_t i = 0; i < height(); i++) { int pivot = -1; for (size_t j = i; j < height(); j++) { if (B[j][i] != 0) { pivot = j; break; } } if (pivot == -1) return 0; if (pivot != (int)i) { res *= -1; std::swap(B[i], B[pivot]); } res *= B[i][i]; T inv = T(1) / B[i][i]; for (size_t j = 0; j < width(); j++) B[i][j] *= inv; for (size_t j = i + 1; j < height(); j++) { T a = B[j][i]; for (size_t k = 0; k < width(); k++) { B[j][k] -= B[i][k] * a; } } } return res; } friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Matrix& p) { size_t n = p.height(), m = p.width(); os << "[(" << n << " * " << m << " Matrix)"; os << "\n[columun sums: "; for (size_t j = 0; j < m; j++) { T sum = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += p[i][j]; ; os << sum << (j + 1 < m ? "," : ""); } os << "]"; for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) { os << "\n["; for (size_t j = 0; j < m; j++) os << p[i][j] << (j + 1 < m ? "," : ""); os << "]"; } os << "]\n"; return os; } }; /** * @brief 行列ライブラリ * @docs docs/linearalgebra/Matrix.md */ const int INF = 1e9; const long long IINF = 1e18; const int dx[4] = {1, 0, -1, 0}, dy[4] = {0, 1, 0, -1}; const char dir[4] = {'D', 'R', 'U', 'L'}; const long long MOD = 1000000007; // const long long MOD = 998244353; using mint = modint; int main() { cin.tie(0); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int C, N, M; cin >> C >> N >> M; Matrix M1(6), M2(6); mint invC = mint(1) / C; M1[0][0] = invC; M1[0][5] = 1; M1[1][0] = invC * (C - 1); M1[2][1] = 1; M1[3][2] = 1; M1[3][3] = invC; M1[3][5] = C - 1; M1[4][3] = invC; M1[5][4] = 1; M2[0][0] = 1; M2[0][5] = 1; M2[2][1] = 1; M2[3][2] = 1; M2[3][3] = 1; M2[3][5] = C - 1; M2[5][4] = 1; Matrix M3 = M2 * M1; M3 ^= N; mint prob = M3[0][0]; mint ans = 1 - (1 - prob).pow(M); cout << ans << '\n'; return 0; }