#define _USE_MATH_DEFINES #include using namespace std; #define FOR(i,m,n) for(int i=(m);i<(n);++i) #define REP(i,n) FOR(i,0,n) #define ALL(v) (v).begin(),(v).end() using ll = long long; constexpr int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; constexpr long long LINF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL; constexpr double EPS = 1e-8; constexpr int MOD = 998244353; constexpr int DY[]{1, 0, -1, 0}, DX[]{0, -1, 0, 1}; constexpr int DY8[]{1, 1, 0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1}, DX8[]{0, -1, -1, -1, 0, 1, 1, 1}; template inline bool chmax(T &a, U b) { return a < b ? (a = b, true) : false; } template inline bool chmin(T &a, U b) { return a > b ? (a = b, true) : false; } struct IOSetup { IOSetup() { std::cin.tie(nullptr); std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false); std::cout << fixed << setprecision(20); } } iosetup; template struct MInt { unsigned int val; MInt(): val(0) {} MInt(long long x) : val(x >= 0 ? x % M : x % M + M) {} static constexpr int get_mod() { return M; } static void set_mod(int divisor) { assert(divisor == M); } static void init(int x = 10000000) { inv(x, true); fact(x); fact_inv(x); } static MInt inv(int x, bool init = false) { // assert(0 <= x && x < M && std::__gcd(x, M) == 1); static std::vector inverse{0, 1}; int prev = inverse.size(); if (init && x >= prev) { // "x!" and "M" must be disjoint. inverse.resize(x + 1); for (int i = prev; i <= x; ++i) inverse[i] = -inverse[M % i] * (M / i); } if (x < inverse.size()) return inverse[x]; unsigned int a = x, b = M; int u = 1, v = 0; while (b) { unsigned int q = a / b; std::swap(a -= q * b, b); std::swap(u -= q * v, v); } return u; } static MInt fact(int x) { static std::vector f{1}; int prev = f.size(); if (x >= prev) { f.resize(x + 1); for (int i = prev; i <= x; ++i) f[i] = f[i - 1] * i; } return f[x]; } static MInt fact_inv(int x) { static std::vector finv{1}; int prev = finv.size(); if (x >= prev) { finv.resize(x + 1); finv[x] = inv(fact(x).val); for (int i = x; i > prev; --i) finv[i - 1] = finv[i] * i; } return finv[x]; } static MInt nCk(int n, int k) { if (n < 0 || n < k || k < 0) return 0; if (n - k > k) k = n - k; return fact(n) * fact_inv(k) * fact_inv(n - k); } static MInt nPk(int n, int k) { return n < 0 || n < k || k < 0 ? 0 : fact(n) * fact_inv(n - k); } static MInt nHk(int n, int k) { return n < 0 || k < 0 ? 0 : (k == 0 ? 1 : nCk(n + k - 1, k)); } static MInt large_nCk(long long n, int k) { if (n < 0 || n < k || k < 0) return 0; inv(k, true); MInt res = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= k; ++i) res *= inv(i) * n--; return res; } MInt pow(long long exponent) const { MInt tmp = *this, res = 1; while (exponent > 0) { if (exponent & 1) res *= tmp; tmp *= tmp; exponent >>= 1; } return res; } MInt &operator+=(const MInt &x) { if((val += x.val) >= M) val -= M; return *this; } MInt &operator-=(const MInt &x) { if((val += M - x.val) >= M) val -= M; return *this; } MInt &operator*=(const MInt &x) { val = static_cast(val) * x.val % M; return *this; } MInt &operator/=(const MInt &x) { return *this *= inv(x.val); } bool operator==(const MInt &x) const { return val == x.val; } bool operator!=(const MInt &x) const { return val != x.val; } bool operator<(const MInt &x) const { return val < x.val; } bool operator<=(const MInt &x) const { return val <= x.val; } bool operator>(const MInt &x) const { return val > x.val; } bool operator>=(const MInt &x) const { return val >= x.val; } MInt &operator++() { if (++val == M) val = 0; return *this; } MInt operator++(int) { MInt res = *this; ++*this; return res; } MInt &operator--() { val = (val == 0 ? M : val) - 1; return *this; } MInt operator--(int) { MInt res = *this; --*this; return res; } MInt operator+() const { return *this; } MInt operator-() const { return MInt(val ? M - val : 0); } MInt operator+(const MInt &x) const { return MInt(*this) += x; } MInt operator-(const MInt &x) const { return MInt(*this) -= x; } MInt operator*(const MInt &x) const { return MInt(*this) *= x; } MInt operator/(const MInt &x) const { return MInt(*this) /= x; } friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const MInt &x) { return os << x.val; } friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, MInt &x) { long long val; is >> val; x = MInt(val); return is; } }; namespace std { template MInt abs(const MInt &x) { return x; } } using ModInt = MInt; template struct LazySegmentTree { using Monoid = typename T::Monoid; using OperatorMonoid = typename T::OperatorMonoid; LazySegmentTree(int n) : LazySegmentTree(std::vector(n, T::m_id())) {} LazySegmentTree(const std::vector &a) : n(a.size()) { while ((1 << height) < n) ++height; p2 = 1 << height; lazy.assign(p2, T::o_id()); dat.assign(p2 << 1, T::m_id()); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) dat[i + p2] = a[i]; for (int i = p2 - 1; i > 0; --i) dat[i] = T::m_merge(dat[i << 1], dat[(i << 1) + 1]); } void set(int idx, const Monoid val) { idx += p2; for (int i = height; i > 0; --i) propagate(idx >> i); dat[idx] = val; for (int i = 1; i <= height; ++i) { int current_idx = idx >> i; dat[current_idx] = T::m_merge(dat[current_idx << 1], dat[(current_idx << 1) + 1]); } } void apply(int idx, const OperatorMonoid val) { idx += p2; for (int i = height; i > 0; --i) propagate(idx >> i); dat[idx] = T::apply(dat[idx], val); for (int i = 1; i <= height; ++i) { int current_idx = idx >> i; dat[current_idx] = T::m_merge(dat[current_idx << 1], dat[(current_idx << 1) + 1]); } } void apply(int left, int right, const OperatorMonoid val) { if (right <= left) return; left += p2; right += p2; int left_ctz = __builtin_ctz(left); for (int i = height; i > left_ctz; --i) propagate(left >> i); int right_ctz = __builtin_ctz(right); for (int i = height; i > right_ctz; --i) propagate(right >> i); for (int l = left, r = right; l < r; l >>= 1, r >>= 1) { if (l & 1) sub_apply(l++, val); if (r & 1) sub_apply(--r, val); } for (int i = left >> (left_ctz + 1); i > 0; i >>= 1) dat[i] = T::m_merge(dat[i << 1], dat[(i << 1) + 1]); for (int i = right >> (right_ctz + 1); i > 0; i >>= 1) dat[i] = T::m_merge(dat[i << 1], dat[(i << 1) + 1]); } Monoid get(int left, int right) { if (right <= left) return T::m_id(); left += p2; right += p2; int left_ctz = __builtin_ctz(left); for (int i = height; i > left_ctz; --i) propagate(left >> i); int right_ctz = __builtin_ctz(right); for (int i = height; i > right_ctz; --i) propagate(right >> i); Monoid l_res = T::m_id(), r_res = T::m_id(); for (; left < right; left >>= 1, right >>= 1) { if (left & 1) l_res = T::m_merge(l_res, dat[left++]); if (right & 1) r_res = T::m_merge(dat[--right], r_res); } return T::m_merge(l_res, r_res); } Monoid operator[](const int idx) { int node = idx + p2; for (int i = height; i > 0; --i) propagate(node >> i); return dat[node]; } template int find_right(int left, G g) { if (left >= n) return n; left += p2; for (int i = height; i > 0; --i) propagate(left >> i); Monoid val = T::m_id(); do { while (!(left & 1)) left >>= 1; Monoid nx = T::m_merge(val, dat[left]); if (!g(nx)) { while (left < p2) { propagate(left); left <<= 1; nx = T::m_merge(val, dat[left]); if (g(nx)) { val = nx; ++left; } } return left - p2; } val = nx; ++left; } while (__builtin_popcount(left) > 1); return n; } template int find_left(int right, G g) { if (right <= 0) return -1; right += p2; for (int i = height; i > 0; --i) propagate((right - 1) >> i); Monoid val = T::m_id(); do { --right; while (right > 1 && (right & 1)) right >>= 1; Monoid nx = T::m_merge(dat[right], val); if (!g(nx)) { while (right < p2) { propagate(right); right = (right << 1) + 1; nx = T::m_merge(dat[right], val); if (g(nx)) { val = nx; --right; } } return right - p2; } val = nx; } while (__builtin_popcount(right) > 1); return -1; } private: int n, p2, height = 0; std::vector dat; std::vector lazy; void sub_apply(int idx, const OperatorMonoid &val) { dat[idx] = T::apply(dat[idx], val); if (idx < p2) lazy[idx] = T::o_merge(lazy[idx], val); } void propagate(int idx) { // assert(1 <= idx && idx < p2); sub_apply(idx << 1, lazy[idx]); sub_apply((idx << 1) + 1, lazy[idx]); lazy[idx] = T::o_id(); } }; namespace monoid { template struct RangeMinimumAndUpdateQuery { using Monoid = T; using OperatorMonoid = T; static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return std::numeric_limits::max(); } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return std::numeric_limits::max(); } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return std::min(a, b); } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return b == o_id() ? a : b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return b == o_id()? a : b; } }; template struct RangeMaximumAndUpdateQuery { using Monoid = T; using OperatorMonoid = T; static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return std::numeric_limits::lowest(); } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return std::numeric_limits::lowest(); } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return std::max(a, b); } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return b == o_id() ? a : b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return b == o_id()? a : b; } }; template struct RangeMinimumAndAddQuery { using Monoid = T; using OperatorMonoid = T; static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return Inf; } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return 0; } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return std::min(a, b); } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return a + b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return a + b; } }; template struct RangeMaximumAndAddQuery { using Monoid = T; using OperatorMonoid = T; static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return -Inf; } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return 0; } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return std::max(a, b); } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return a + b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return a + b; } }; template struct RangeSumAndUpdateQuery { using Monoid = struct { T sum; int len; }; using OperatorMonoid = T; static std::vector init(int n) { return std::vector(n, Monoid{0, 1}); } static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return {0, 0}; } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return std::numeric_limits::max(); } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return Monoid{a.sum + b.sum, a.len + b.len}; } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return b == o_id() ? a : b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return Monoid{b == o_id() ? a.sum : b * a.len, a.len}; } }; template struct RangeSumAndAddQuery { using Monoid = struct { T sum; int len; }; using OperatorMonoid = T; static std::vector init(int n) { return std::vector(n, Monoid{0, 1}); } static constexpr Monoid m_id() { return {0, 0}; } static constexpr OperatorMonoid o_id() { return 0; } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid &a, const Monoid &b) { return Monoid{a.sum + b.sum, a.len + b.len}; } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return a + b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid &a, const OperatorMonoid &b) { return Monoid{a.sum + b * a.len, a.len}; } }; } // monoid int main() { // https://yukicoder.me/submissions/548086 struct S { using Monoid = ModInt; using OperatorMonoid = ModInt; static Monoid m_id() { return 0; } static OperatorMonoid o_id() { return 1; } static Monoid m_merge(const Monoid& a, const Monoid& b) { return a + b; } static OperatorMonoid o_merge(const OperatorMonoid& a, const OperatorMonoid& b) { return a * b; } static Monoid apply(const Monoid& a, const OperatorMonoid& b) { return a * b; } }; int n; cin >> n; vector a(n); REP(i, n) cin >> a[i]; vector ord(n); iota(ALL(ord), 0); stable_sort(ALL(ord), [&](int l, int r) -> bool { return a[l] < a[r]; }); vector l(n), r(n); LazySegmentTree seg(n); REP(i, n) seg.set(i, 1); for (int i : ord) { l[i] = seg.get(0, i + 1) / seg[i]; seg.apply(0, i + 1, 2); } REP(i, n) seg.set(i, 1); for (int i : ord) { r[i] = seg.get(i, n) / seg[i]; seg.apply(i, n, 2); } ModInt ans = 0; REP(i, n) ans += l[i] * r[i] * a[i]; cout << ans << '\n'; return 0; }