#include #include #define N_MAX 100000 #define M_MAX 100000 #define L_MAX 200000 typedef struct Edge { struct Edge *next; int v; } edge; int bipartite_matching_augmentation_naive(int N, char color[], edge* adj[], int mate[]) { static int i, u, w, par[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], q[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], head, tail; edge *p; for (u = 1, tail = 0; u <= N; u++) { if (color[u] == 0 && mate[u] == 0) { par[u] = u; q[tail++] = u; } else par[u] = 0; } for (head = 0; head < tail; head++) { u = q[head]; if (color[u] == 0) { for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (par[w] == 0) { par[w] = u; if (mate[w] == 0) break; q[tail++] = w; } } if (p != NULL) break; } else { par[mate[u]] = u; q[tail++] = mate[u]; } } if (head == tail) return 0; // Augmentation for (u = par[w]; u != w; w = par[u], u = par[w]) { mate[u] = w; mate[w] = u; } return 1; } int bipartite_matching(int N, char color[], edge* adj[], int mate[]) { int i, u, dif, ans = 0; edge *p; for (u = 1; u <= N; u++) mate[u] = 0; // Initialization do { // Augmentation dif = bipartite_matching_augmentation_naive(N, color, adj, mate); ans += dif; } while (dif != 0); return ans; } void chmin(int* a, int b) { if (*a > b) *a = b; } int DFS_SCC(edge* adj[], int label[], int ord[], int low[], int s[], int* head, int u) { s[(*head)++] = u; // Add u to the stack (which maintains the vertices already found but not determined) ord[u] = ord[0]++; low[u] = ord[u]; int w; edge *p; for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (ord[w] == 0) chmin(&(low[u]), DFS_SCC(adj, label, ord, low, s, head, w)); // w has been found else if (ord[w] <= N_MAX + M_MAX) chmin(&(low[u]), ord[w]); // w is already found but not determined } if (low[u] == ord[u]) { // A new SCC containing u has been determined while (s[--(*head)] != u) { label[s[*head]] = label[0]; ord[s[*head]] = N_MAX + M_MAX + 1; } label[u] = label[0]++; ord[u] = N_MAX + M_MAX + 1; } return low[u]; } int SCC(int N, edge* adj[], int label[]) { int u, w, head; static int ord[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], low[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], s[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1]; for (u = 1; u <= N; u++) { label[u] = 0; ord[u] = 0; } for (u = 1, label[0] = 1, ord[0] = 1; u <= N; u++) { if (ord[u] != 0) continue; head = 0; DFS_SCC(adj, label, ord, low, s, &head, u); } return label[0] - 1; } // 2. Solution example (O(sqrt{N + M} L) time) void solve2(int N, int M, int L, int s[], int t[], char ans[]) { static char color[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1]; static int i, u, w, mate[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1]; static edge *adj[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], e[L_MAX * 2 + 1], *p; for (u = 1; u <= N + M; u++) { adj[u] = NULL; color[u] = (u > N)? 1: 0; } for (i = 0; i < L; i++) { u = s[i+1]; w = t[i+1] + N; e[i*2].v = w; e[i*2].next = adj[u]; adj[u] = &(e[i*2]); e[i*2+1].v = u; e[i*2+1].next = adj[w]; adj[w] = &(e[i*2+1]); } bipartite_matching(N + M, color, adj, mate); static int par[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], q[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], head, tail; for (u = 1; u <= N + M; u++) par[u] = 0; for (u = 1, tail = 0; u <= N; u++) { if (mate[u] == 0) { par[u] = u; q[tail++] = u; } } for (head = 0; head < tail; head++) { u = q[head]; if (color[u] == 0) { for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (par[w] == 0) { par[w] = u; q[tail++] = w; } } } else { par[mate[u]] = u; q[tail++] = mate[u]; } } for (u = N + 1, tail = 0; u <= N + M; u++) { if (mate[u] == 0) { par[u] = -u; q[tail++] = u; } } for (head = 0; head < tail; head++) { u = q[head]; if (color[u] != 0) { for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (par[w] == 0) { par[w] = -u; q[tail++] = w; } } } else { par[mate[u]] = -u; q[tail++] = mate[u]; } } int m = 0; static int label[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1]; static edge *aux[N_MAX + M_MAX + 1], f[L_MAX + N_MAX + 1]; for (u = 1; u <= N; u++) { aux[u] = NULL; if (par[u] != 0) continue; for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (par[w] != 0) continue; f[m].v = w; f[m].next = aux[u]; aux[u] = &(f[m++]); } } for (u = N + 1; u <= N + M; u++) { aux[u] = NULL; if (par[u] != 0) continue; for (p = adj[u]; p != NULL; p = p->next) { w = p->v; if (par[w] == 0 && w == mate[u]) { f[m].v = w; f[m].next = aux[u]; aux[u] = &(f[m++]); } } } SCC(N + M, aux, label); for (i = 1; i <= L; i++) { u = s[i]; w = t[i] + N; if (par[u] > 0 && par[w] > 0) ans[i] = 1; else if (par[u] < 0 && par[w] < 0) ans[i] = 1; else if (label[u] == label[w]) ans[i] = 1; else ans[i] = 0; } } int main() { char ans[L_MAX + 1]; int i, N, M, L, s[L_MAX + 1], t[L_MAX + 1]; scanf("%d %d %d", &N, &M, &L); for (i = 1; i <= L; i++) scanf("%d %d", &(s[i]), &(t[i])); solve2(N, M, L, s, t, ans); for (i = 1; i <= L; i++) { if (ans[i] == 0) printf("No\n"); else printf("Yes\n"); } fflush(stdout); return 0; }