/** * date : 2021-12-08 23:57:45 */ #define NDEBUG using namespace std; // intrinstic #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include // utility namespace Nyaan { using ll = long long; using i64 = long long; using u64 = unsigned long long; using i128 = __int128_t; using u128 = __uint128_t; template using V = vector; template using VV = vector>; using vi = vector; using vl = vector; using vd = V; using vs = V; using vvi = vector>; using vvl = vector>; template struct P : pair { template P(Args... args) : pair(args...) {} using pair::first; using pair::second; T &x() { return first; } const T &x() const { return first; } U &y() { return second; } const U &y() const { return second; } P &operator+=(const P &r) { first += r.first; second += r.second; return *this; } P &operator-=(const P &r) { first -= r.first; second -= r.second; return *this; } P &operator*=(const P &r) { first *= r.first; second *= r.second; return *this; } P operator+(const P &r) const { return P(*this) += r; } P operator-(const P &r) const { return P(*this) -= r; } P operator*(const P &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; } P operator*(int r) const { return {first * r, second * r}; } P operator-() const { return P{-first, -second}; } }; using pl = P; using pi = P; using vp = V; constexpr int inf = 1001001001; constexpr long long infLL = 4004004004004004004LL; template int sz(const T &t) { return t.size(); } template inline bool amin(T &x, U y) { return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline bool amax(T &x, U y) { return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false; } template inline T Max(const vector &v) { return *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline T Min(const vector &v) { return *min_element(begin(v), end(v)); } template inline long long Sum(const vector &v) { return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), 0LL); } template int lb(const vector &v, const T &a) { return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } template int ub(const vector &v, const T &a) { return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v); } constexpr long long TEN(int n) { long long ret = 1, x = 10; for (; n; x *= x, n >>= 1) ret *= (n & 1 ? x : 1); return ret; } template pair mkp(const T &t, const U &u) { return make_pair(t, u); } template vector mkrui(const vector &v, bool rev = false) { vector ret(v.size() + 1); if (rev) { for (int i = int(v.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) ret[i] = v[i] + ret[i + 1]; } else { for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); i++) ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + v[i]; } return ret; }; template vector mkuni(const vector &v) { vector ret(v); sort(ret.begin(), ret.end()); ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end()); return ret; } template vector mkord(int N, F f) { vector ord(N); iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0); sort(begin(ord), end(ord), f); return ord; } template vector mkinv(vector &v) { int max_val = *max_element(begin(v), end(v)); vector inv(max_val + 1, -1); for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) inv[v[i]] = i; return inv; } } // namespace Nyaan // bit operation namespace Nyaan { __attribute__((target("popcnt"))) inline int popcnt(const u64 &a) { return _mm_popcnt_u64(a); } inline int lsb(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int ctz(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; } inline int msb(const u64 &a) { return a ? 63 - __builtin_clzll(a) : -1; } template inline int gbit(const T &a, int i) { return (a >> i) & 1; } template inline void sbit(T &a, int i, bool b) { if (gbit(a, i) != b) a ^= T(1) << i; } constexpr long long PW(int n) { return 1LL << n; } constexpr long long MSK(int n) { return (1LL << n) - 1; } } // namespace Nyaan // inout namespace Nyaan { template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &p) { os << p.first << " " << p.second; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair &p) { is >> p.first >> p.second; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &v) { int s = (int)v.size(); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i]; return os; } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &v) { for (auto &x : v) is >> x; return is; } void in() {} template void in(T &t, U &... u) { cin >> t; in(u...); } void out() { cout << "\n"; } template void out(const T &t, const U &... u) { cout << t; if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep; out(u...); } void outr() {} template void outr(const T &t, const U &... u) { cout << t; outr(u...); } struct IoSetupNya { IoSetupNya() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); cout << fixed << setprecision(15); cerr << fixed << setprecision(7); } } iosetupnya; } // namespace Nyaan // debug namespace DebugImpl { template struct is_specialize : false_type {}; template struct is_specialize< U, typename conditional::type> : true_type {}; template struct is_specialize< U, typename conditional::type> : true_type {}; template struct is_specialize::value, void>> : true_type { }; void dump(const char& t) { cerr << t; } void dump(const string& t) { cerr << t; } void dump(const bool& t) { cerr << (t ? "true" : "false"); } template ::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr> void dump(const U& t) { cerr << t; } template void dump(const T& t, enable_if_t::value>* = nullptr) { string res; if (t == Nyaan::inf) res = "inf"; if constexpr (is_signed::value) { if (t == -Nyaan::inf) res = "-inf"; } if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) { if (t == Nyaan::infLL) res = "inf"; if constexpr (is_signed::value) { if (t == -Nyaan::infLL) res = "-inf"; } } if (res.empty()) res = to_string(t); cerr << res; } template void dump(const pair&); template void dump(const pair&); template void dump(const T& t, enable_if_t::value>* = nullptr) { cerr << "[ "; for (auto it = t.begin(); it != t.end();) { dump(*it); cerr << (++it == t.end() ? "" : ", "); } cerr << " ]"; } template void dump(const pair& t) { cerr << "( "; dump(t.first); cerr << ", "; dump(t.second); cerr << " )"; } template void dump(const pair& t) { cerr << "[ "; for (int i = 0; i < t.second; i++) { dump(t.first[i]); cerr << (i == t.second - 1 ? "" : ", "); } cerr << " ]"; } void trace() { cerr << endl; } template void trace(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) { cerr << " "; dump(head); if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cerr << ","; trace(forward(tail)...); } } // namespace DebugImpl #ifdef NyaanDebug #define trc(...) \ do { \ cerr << "## " << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; \ DebugImpl::trace(__VA_ARGS__); \ } while (0) #else #define trc(...) (void(0)) #endif // macro #define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v) #define each2(x, y, v) for (auto&& [x, y] : v) #define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end() #define rep(i, N) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(N); i++) #define repr(i, N) for (long long i = (long long)(N)-1; i >= 0; i--) #define rep1(i, N) for (long long i = 1; i <= (long long)(N); i++) #define repr1(i, N) for (long long i = (N); (long long)(i) > 0; i--) #define reg(i, a, b) for (long long i = (a); i < (b); i++) #define regr(i, a, b) for (long long i = (b)-1; i >= (a); i--) #define fi first #define se second #define ini(...) \ int __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define inl(...) \ long long __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define ins(...) \ string __VA_ARGS__; \ in(__VA_ARGS__) #define in2(s, t) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i]); \ } #define in3(s, t, u) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i]); \ } #define in4(s, t, u, v) \ for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \ in(s[i], t[i], u[i], v[i]); \ } #define die(...) \ do { \ Nyaan::out(__VA_ARGS__); \ return; \ } while (0) namespace Nyaan { void solve(); } int main() { Nyaan::solve(); } // template std::pair GaussElimination(vector> &a, int pivot_end = -1, bool diagonalize = false) { int H = a.size(), W = a[0].size(); int rank = 0, je = pivot_end; if (je == -1) je = W; mint det = 1; for (int j = 0; j < je; j++) { int idx = -1; for (int i = rank; i < H; i++) { if (a[i][j] != mint(0)) { idx = i; break; } } if (idx == -1) { det = 0; continue; } if (rank != idx) { det = -det; swap(a[rank], a[idx]); } det *= a[rank][j]; if (diagonalize && a[rank][j] != mint(1)) { mint coeff = a[rank][j].inverse(); for (int k = j; k < W; k++) a[rank][k] *= coeff; } int is = diagonalize ? 0 : rank + 1; for (int i = is; i < H; i++) { if (i == rank) continue; if (a[i][j] != mint(0)) { mint coeff = a[i][j] / a[rank][j]; for (int k = j; k < W; k++) a[i][k] -= a[rank][k] * coeff; } } rank++; } return make_pair(rank, det); } namespace my_rand { // [0, 2^64 - 1) uint64_t rng() { static uint64_t x_ = uint64_t(chrono::duration_cast( chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch()) .count()) * 10150724397891781847ULL; x_ ^= x_ << 7; return x_ ^= x_ >> 9; } // [l, r) int64_t randint(int64_t l, int64_t r) { assert(l < r); return l + rng() % (r - l); } // choose n numbers from [l, r) without overlapping vector randset(int64_t l, int64_t r, int64_t n) { assert(l <= r && n <= r - l); unordered_set s; for (int64_t i = n; i; --i) { int64_t m = randint(l, r + 1 - i); if (s.find(m) != s.end()) m = r - i; s.insert(m); } vector ret; for (auto& x : s) ret.push_back(x); return ret; } // [0.0, 1.0) double rnd() { union raw_cast { double t; uint64_t u; }; constexpr uint64_t p = uint64_t(1023 - 64) << 52; return rng() * ((raw_cast*)(&p))->t; } template void randshf(vector& v) { int n = v.size(); for (int loop = 0; loop < 2; loop++) for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) swap(v[i], v[randint(0, n)]); } } // namespace my_rand using my_rand::randint; using my_rand::randset; using my_rand::randshf; using my_rand::rnd; using my_rand::rng; template struct LazyMontgomeryModInt { using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt; using i32 = int32_t; using u32 = uint32_t; using u64 = uint64_t; static constexpr u32 get_r() { u32 ret = mod; for (i32 i = 0; i < 4; ++i) ret *= 2 - mod * ret; return ret; } static constexpr u32 r = get_r(); static constexpr u32 n2 = -u64(mod) % mod; static_assert(r * mod == 1, "invalid, r * mod != 1"); static_assert(mod < (1 << 30), "invalid, mod >= 2 ^ 30"); static_assert((mod & 1) == 1, "invalid, mod % 2 == 0"); u32 a; constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt() : a(0) {} constexpr LazyMontgomeryModInt(const int64_t &b) : a(reduce(u64(b % mod + mod) * n2)){}; static constexpr u32 reduce(const u64 &b) { return (b + u64(u32(b) * u32(-r)) * mod) >> 32; } constexpr mint &operator+=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator-=(const mint &b) { if (i32(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod; return *this; } constexpr mint &operator*=(const mint &b) { a = reduce(u64(a) * b.a); return *this; } constexpr mint &operator/=(const mint &b) { *this *= b.inverse(); return *this; } constexpr mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; } constexpr mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; } constexpr mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; } constexpr mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; } constexpr bool operator==(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr bool operator!=(const mint &b) const { return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a); } constexpr mint operator-() const { return mint() - mint(*this); } constexpr mint pow(u64 n) const { mint ret(1), mul(*this); while (n > 0) { if (n & 1) ret *= mul; mul *= mul; n >>= 1; } return ret; } constexpr mint inverse() const { return pow(mod - 2); } friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) { return os << b.get(); } friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) { int64_t t; is >> t; b = LazyMontgomeryModInt(t); return (is); } constexpr u32 get() const { u32 ret = reduce(a); return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret; } static constexpr u32 get_mod() { return mod; } }; template struct Binomial { vector f, g, h; Binomial(int MAX = 0) : f(1, T(1)), g(1, T(1)), h(1, T(1)) { while (MAX >= (int)f.size()) extend(); } void extend() { int n = f.size(); int m = n * 2; f.resize(m); g.resize(m); h.resize(m); for (int i = n; i < m; i++) f[i] = f[i - 1] * T(i); g[m - 1] = f[m - 1].inverse(); h[m - 1] = g[m - 1] * f[m - 2]; for (int i = m - 2; i >= n; i--) { g[i] = g[i + 1] * T(i + 1); h[i] = g[i] * f[i - 1]; } } T fac(int i) { if (i < 0) return T(0); while (i >= (int)f.size()) extend(); return f[i]; } T finv(int i) { if (i < 0) return T(0); while (i >= (int)g.size()) extend(); return g[i]; } T inv(int i) { if (i < 0) return -inv(-i); while (i >= (int)h.size()) extend(); return h[i]; } T C(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); return fac(n) * finv(n - r) * finv(r); } inline T operator()(int n, int r) { return C(n, r); } template T multinomial(const vector& r) { static_assert(is_integral::value == true); int n = 0; for (auto& x : r) { if(x < 0) return T(0); n += x; } T res = fac(n); for (auto& x : r) res *= finv(x); return res; } template T operator()(const vector& r) { return multinomial(r); } T C_naive(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); T ret = T(1); r = min(r, n - r); for (int i = 1; i <= r; ++i) ret *= inv(i) * (n--); return ret; } T P(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || n < r || r < 0) return T(0); return fac(n) * finv(n - r); } T H(int n, int r) { if (n < 0 || r < 0) return T(0); return r == 0 ? 1 : C(n + r - 1, r); } }; // using namespace Nyaan; using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<998244353>; // using mint = LazyMontgomeryModInt<1000000007>; using vm = vector; using vvm = vector; Binomial C; using namespace Nyaan; void Nyaan::solve() { inl(N, M); vl u(M), v(M), w(M); in3(u, v, w); each(x, u)-- x; each(x, v)-- x; each(x, w)-- x; vector A(N, vector(N, mint{})); rep(i, M) { mint r = rng(); A[u[i]][v[i]] += r; A[u[i]][w[i]] -= r; A[w[i]][v[i]] -= r; A[v[i]][u[i]] -= r; A[w[i]][u[i]] += r; A[v[i]][w[i]] += r; } auto [rank, _] = GaussElimination(A); out(rank / 2); }