import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.math.BigDecimal; import java.math.RoundingMode; import java.util.*; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock; import java.beans.Visibility; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileDescriptor; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.io.UncheckedIOException; import java.lang.Thread.State; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.nio.CharBuffer; import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException; import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class Main { static final long MOD1=1000000007; static final long MOD=998244353; static long ans=0; static long[] two; public static void main(String[] args){ PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out); InputReader sc=new InputReader(System.in); int n = sc.nextInt(); long[] A = sc.nextLongArray(n); ArrayList list = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 0; i < A.length; i++) { list.add(new Pair(A[i], i)); } Collections.sort(list); two = any_mod_pow(2l, n, MOD); S[] dat = new S[n]; S2[] dat2 = new S2[n]; Arrays.fill(dat, new S(1l, 0)); Arrays.fill(dat2, new S2(1l, 0)); SegTree seg1 = new SegTree(dat, S::op, S.E); SegTree seg2 = new SegTree(dat2, S2::op, S2.E); long ans = 0; for (Pair p: list){ long l = seg2.prod(0, p.y+1).sum; long r = seg1.prod(p.y, n).sum; ans = (ans + (((l*r)%MOD)*p.x)%MOD)%MOD; seg1.set(p.y, new S(2l, 1)); seg2.set(p.y, new S2(2l, 1)); } System.out.println(ans); } static class Pair implements Comparable{ public long x; public int y; public Pair(long x,int y) { this.x=x; this.y=y; } @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if(obj instanceof Pair) { Pair other = (Pair) obj; return other.x==this.x && other.y==this.y; } return false; }//同値の定義 @Override public int hashCode() { return Objects.hash(this.x,this.y); }//これ書かないと正しく動作しない(要 勉強) @Override public int compareTo( Pair p){ if (this.x>p.x) { return 1; } else if (this.x { final int MAX; final int N; final java.util.function.BinaryOperator op; final S E; final S[] data; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public SegTree(int n, java.util.function.BinaryOperator op, S e) { this.MAX = n; int k = 1; while (k < n) k <<= 1; this.N = k; this.E = e; this.op = op; this.data = (S[]) new Object[N << 1]; java.util.Arrays.fill(data, E); } public SegTree(S[] dat, java.util.function.BinaryOperator op, S e) { this(dat.length, op, e); build(dat); } private void build(S[] dat) { int l = dat.length; System.arraycopy(dat, 0, data, N, l); for (int i = N - 1; i > 0; i--) { data[i] = op.apply(data[i << 1 | 0], data[i << 1 | 1]); } } public void set(int p, S x) { exclusiveRangeCheck(p); data[p += N] = x; p >>= 1; while (p > 0) { data[p] = op.apply(data[p << 1 | 0], data[p << 1 | 1]); p >>= 1; } } public S get(int p) { exclusiveRangeCheck(p); return data[p + N]; } public S prod(int l, int r) { if (l > r) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( String.format("Invalid range: [%d, %d)", l, r) ); } inclusiveRangeCheck(l); inclusiveRangeCheck(r); S sumLeft = E; S sumRight = E; l += N; r += N; while (l < r) { if ((l & 1) == 1) sumLeft = op.apply(sumLeft, data[l++]); if ((r & 1) == 1) sumRight = op.apply(data[--r], sumRight); l >>= 1; r >>= 1; } return op.apply(sumLeft, sumRight); } public S allProd() { return data[1]; } public int maxRight(int l, java.util.function.Predicate f) { inclusiveRangeCheck(l); if (!f.test(E)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Identity element must satisfy the condition."); } if (l == MAX) return MAX; l += N; S sum = E; do { l >>= Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(l); if (!f.test(op.apply(sum, data[l]))) { while (l < N) { l = l << 1; if (f.test(op.apply(sum, data[l]))) { sum = op.apply(sum, data[l]); l++; } } return l - N; } sum = op.apply(sum, data[l]); l++; } while ((l & -l) != l); return MAX; } public int minLeft(int r, java.util.function.Predicate f) { inclusiveRangeCheck(r); if (!f.test(E)) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Identity element must satisfy the condition."); } if (r == 0) return 0; r += N; S sum = E; do { r--; while (r > 1 && (r & 1) == 1) r >>= 1; if (!f.test(op.apply(data[r], sum))) { while (r < N) { r = r << 1 | 1; if (f.test(op.apply(data[r], sum))) { sum = op.apply(data[r], sum); r--; } } return r + 1 - N; } sum = op.apply(data[r], sum); } while ((r & -r) != r); return 0; } private void exclusiveRangeCheck(int p) { if (p < 0 || p >= MAX) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( String.format("Index %d out of bounds for the range [%d, %d).", p, 0, MAX) ); } } private void inclusiveRangeCheck(int p) { if (p < 0 || p > MAX) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( String.format("Index %d out of bounds for the range [%d, %d].", p, 0, MAX) ); } } } static class InputReader { private InputStream in; private byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; private int curbuf; private int lenbuf; public InputReader(InputStream in) { this.in = in; this.curbuf = this.lenbuf = 0; } public boolean hasNextByte() { if (curbuf >= lenbuf) { curbuf = 0; try { lenbuf = in.read(buffer); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); } if (lenbuf <= 0) return false; } return true; } private int readByte() { if (hasNextByte()) return buffer[curbuf++]; else return -1; } private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); } private void skip() { while (hasNextByte() && isSpaceChar(buffer[curbuf])) curbuf++; } public boolean hasNext() { skip(); return hasNextByte(); } public String next() { if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); int b = readByte(); while (!isSpaceChar(b)) { sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } return sb.toString(); } public int nextInt() { if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); int c = readByte(); while (isSpaceChar(c)) c = readByte(); boolean minus = false; if (c == '-') { minus = true; c = readByte(); } int res = 0; do { if (c < '0' || c > '9') throw new InputMismatchException(); res = res * 10 + c - '0'; c = readByte(); } while (!isSpaceChar(c)); return (minus) ? -res : res; } public long nextLong() { if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException(); int c = readByte(); while (isSpaceChar(c)) c = readByte(); boolean minus = false; if (c == '-') { minus = true; c = readByte(); } long res = 0; do { if (c < '0' || c > '9') throw new InputMismatchException(); res = res * 10 + c - '0'; c = readByte(); } while (!isSpaceChar(c)); return (minus) ? -res : res; } public double nextDouble() { return Double.parseDouble(next()); } public int[] nextIntArray(int n) { int[] a = new int[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextInt(); return a; } public double[] nextDoubleArray(int n) { double[] a = new double[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextDouble(); return a; } public long[] nextLongArray(int n) { long[] a = new long[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) a[i] = nextLong(); return a; } public char[][] nextCharMap(int n, int m) { char[][] map = new char[n][m]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) map[i] = next().toCharArray(); return map; } } } class MinCostFlow { private static final class InternalWeightedCapEdge { final int to, rev; long cap; final long cost; InternalWeightedCapEdge(int to, int rev, long cap, long cost) { this.to = to; this.rev = rev; this.cap = cap; this.cost = cost; } } public static final class WeightedCapEdge { public final int from, to; public final long cap, flow, cost; WeightedCapEdge(int from, int to, long cap, long flow, long cost) { this.from = from; this.to = to; this.cap = cap; this.flow = flow; this.cost = cost; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof WeightedCapEdge) { WeightedCapEdge e = (WeightedCapEdge) o; return from == e.from && to == e.to && cap == e.cap && flow == e.flow && cost == e.cost; } return false; } } private static final class IntPair { final int first, second; IntPair(int first, int second) { this.first = first; this.second = second; } } public static final class FlowAndCost { public final long flow, cost; FlowAndCost(long flow, long cost) { this.flow = flow; this.cost = cost; } @Override public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o instanceof FlowAndCost) { FlowAndCost c = (FlowAndCost) o; return flow == c.flow && cost == c.cost; } return false; } } static final long INF = Long.MAX_VALUE; private final int n; private final java.util.ArrayList pos; private final java.util.ArrayList[] g; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public MinCostFlow(int n) { this.n = n; this.pos = new java.util.ArrayList<>(); this.g = new java.util.ArrayList[n]; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { this.g[i] = new java.util.ArrayList<>(); } } public int addEdge(int from, int to, long cap, long cost) { rangeCheck(from, 0, n); rangeCheck(to, 0, n); nonNegativeCheck(cap, "Capacity"); nonNegativeCheck(cost, "Cost"); int m = pos.size(); pos.add(new IntPair(from, g[from].size())); int fromId = g[from].size(); int toId = g[to].size(); if (from == to) toId++; g[from].add(new InternalWeightedCapEdge(to, toId, cap, cost)); g[to].add(new InternalWeightedCapEdge(from, fromId, 0L, -cost)); return m; } private InternalWeightedCapEdge getInternalEdge(int i) { return g[pos.get(i).first].get(pos.get(i).second); } private InternalWeightedCapEdge getInternalEdgeReversed(InternalWeightedCapEdge e) { return g[e.to].get(e.rev); } public WeightedCapEdge getEdge(int i) { int m = pos.size(); rangeCheck(i, 0, m); InternalWeightedCapEdge e = getInternalEdge(i); InternalWeightedCapEdge re = getInternalEdgeReversed(e); return new WeightedCapEdge(re.to, e.to, e.cap + re.cap, re.cap, e.cost); } public WeightedCapEdge[] getEdges() { WeightedCapEdge[] res = new WeightedCapEdge[pos.size()]; java.util.Arrays.setAll(res, this::getEdge); return res; } public FlowAndCost minCostMaxFlow(int s, int t) { return minCostFlow(s, t, INF); } public FlowAndCost minCostFlow(int s, int t, long flowLimit) { return minCostSlope(s, t, flowLimit).getLast(); } java.util.LinkedList minCostSlope(int s, int t) { return minCostSlope(s, t, INF); } public java.util.LinkedList minCostSlope(int s, int t, long flowLimit) { rangeCheck(s, 0, n); rangeCheck(t, 0, n); if (s == t) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( String.format("%d and %d is the same vertex.", s, t) ); } long[] dual = new long[n]; long[] dist = new long[n]; int[] pv = new int[n]; int[] pe = new int[n]; boolean[] vis = new boolean[n]; long flow = 0; long cost = 0, prev_cost = -1; java.util.LinkedList result = new java.util.LinkedList<>(); result.addLast(new FlowAndCost(flow, cost)); while (flow < flowLimit) { if (!dualRef(s, t, dual, dist, pv, pe, vis)) break; long c = flowLimit - flow; for (int v = t; v != s; v = pv[v]) { c = Math.min(c, g[pv[v]].get(pe[v]).cap); } for (int v = t; v != s; v = pv[v]) { InternalWeightedCapEdge e = g[pv[v]].get(pe[v]); e.cap -= c; g[v].get(e.rev).cap += c; } long d = -dual[s]; flow += c; cost += c * d; if (prev_cost == d) { result.removeLast(); } result.addLast(new FlowAndCost(flow, cost)); prev_cost = cost; } return result; } private boolean dualRef(int s, int t, long[] dual, long[] dist, int[] pv, int[] pe, boolean[] vis) { java.util.Arrays.fill(dist, INF); java.util.Arrays.fill(pv, -1); java.util.Arrays.fill(pe, -1); java.util.Arrays.fill(vis, false); class State implements Comparable { final long key; final int to; State(long key, int to) { this.key = key; this.to = to; } public int compareTo(State q) { return key > q.key ? 1 : -1; } }; java.util.PriorityQueue pq = new java.util.PriorityQueue<>(); dist[s] = 0; pq.add(new State(0L, s)); while (pq.size() > 0) { int v = pq.poll().to; if (vis[v]) continue; vis[v] = true; if (v == t) break; for (int i = 0, deg = g[v].size(); i < deg; i++) { InternalWeightedCapEdge e = g[v].get(i); if (vis[e.to] || e.cap == 0) continue; long cost = e.cost - dual[e.to] + dual[v]; if (dist[e.to] - dist[v] > cost) { dist[e.to] = dist[v] + cost; pv[e.to] = v; pe[e.to] = i; pq.add(new State(dist[e.to], e.to)); } } } if (!vis[t]) { return false; } for (int v = 0; v < n; v++) { if (!vis[v]) continue; dual[v] -= dist[t] - dist[v]; } return true; } private void rangeCheck(int i, int minInlusive, int maxExclusive) { if (i < 0 || i >= maxExclusive) { throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException( String.format("Index %d out of bounds for length %d", i, maxExclusive) ); } } private void nonNegativeCheck(long cap, java.lang.String attribute) { if (cap < 0) { throw new IllegalArgumentException( String.format("%s %d is negative.", attribute, cap) ); } } }