#include <bits/stdc++.h> #include <atcoder/all> #define rep(i, l, n) for (int i = (l); i < (n); i++) #define all(x) x.begin(), x.end() using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; using ll = long long; template <class T> using V = vector<T>; template <class T> using VV = V<V<T> >; template <class T> using BIT = fenwick_tree<T>; const ll MOD = 998244353; int main(void) { int n; cin >> n; V<ll> a(n); V<ll> b(n); VV<ll> s(n, V<ll>(2)); rep(i, 0, n) { cin >> a[i]; s[i] = { a[i],i }; } sort(all(s)); int cnt = -1; int last = -1; for (auto& l : s) { if (l[0] != last) { cnt += 1; } a[l[1]] = cnt; b[l[1]] = (ll)n - 1 - cnt; last = l[0]; } BIT<ll> lbt(n); V<ll> lcnt(n); BIT<ll> rbt(n); V<ll> rcnt(n); rep(i, 0, n) { lbt.add(a[i], 1); rbt.add(b[(ll)n - 1 - i], 1); lcnt[i] = lbt.sum(0, a[i]); rcnt[(ll)n - 1 - i] = rbt.sum(0, b[(ll)n - 1 - i]); } BIT<ll> bt(n); ll ans = 0; rep(i, 0, n) { bt.add(b[i], lcnt[i]); ans += bt.sum(0, b[i]) * rcnt[i]; ans %= MOD; } cout << ans << endl; }