#include #include #define rep(i, l, n) for (int i = (l); i < (n); i++) #define all(x) x.begin(), x.end() #define lb(a, x) lower_bound(all(a), x) - a.begin() using namespace std; using namespace atcoder; using ll = long long; template using V = vector; template using VV = V >; template using BIT = fenwick_tree; const ll MOD = 998244353; int main(void) { int n; cin >> n; V a(n); V b(n); rep(i, 0, n) { cin >> a[i]; } V s = a; sort(all(s)); s.erase(unique(all(s)), s.end()); rep(i, 0, a.size()) { a[i] = lb(s, a[i]); b[i] = s.size() - 1 - a[i]; } BIT lbt(n); V lcnt(n); BIT rbt(n); V rcnt(n); rep(i, 0, n) { int k = n - 1 - i; lbt.add(a[i], 1); rbt.add(b[k], 1); lcnt[i] = lbt.sum(0, a[i]); rcnt[k] = rbt.sum(0, b[k]); } BIT bt(n); ll ans = 0; rep(i, 0, n) { bt.add(b[i], lcnt[i]); ans += bt.sum(0, b[i]) * rcnt[i]; ans %= MOD; } cout << ans << endl; }