#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=(int)(a);i<(int)(b);i++)
#define ALL(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()
using ll=long long int;
const int inf = 0x3fffffff; const ll INF = 0x1fffffffffffffff; const double eps=1e-12;
template<typename T>inline bool chmax(T& a,T b){if(a<b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
template<typename T>inline bool chmin(T& a,T b){if(a>b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}

template<int mod=998244353>struct fp {
    int v; static int get_mod(){return mod;}
    int inv() const{
        int tmp,a=v,b=mod,x=1,y=0;
        while(b)tmp=a/b,a-=tmp*b,swap(a,b),x-=tmp*y,swap(x,y);
        if(x<0){x+=mod;} return x;
    }
    fp(ll x=0){init(x%mod+mod);}
    fp& init(int x){v=(x<mod?x:x-mod); return *this;}
    fp operator-()const{return fp()-*this;}
    fp pow(ll t){fp res=1,b=*this; while(t){if(t&1)res*=b;b*=b;t>>=1;} return res;}
    fp& operator+=(const fp& x){return init(v+x.v);}
    fp& operator-=(const fp& x){return init(v+mod-x.v);}
    fp& operator*=(const fp& x){v=ll(v)*x.v%mod; return *this;}
    fp& operator/=(const fp& x){v=ll(v)*x.inv()%mod; return *this;}
    fp operator+(const fp& x)const{return fp(*this)+=x;}
    fp operator-(const fp& x)const{return fp(*this)-=x;}
    fp operator*(const fp& x)const{return fp(*this)*=x;}
    fp operator/(const fp& x)const{return fp(*this)/=x;}
    bool operator==(const fp& x)const{return v==x.v;}
    bool operator!=(const fp& x)const{return v!=x.v;}
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& is,fp& x){return is>>x.v;}
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os,const fp& x){return os<<x.v;}
}; using Fp=fp<>;
template<typename T>struct factorial {
    vector<T> Fact,Finv,Inv;
    factorial(int maxx){
        Fact.resize(maxx); Finv.resize(maxx); Inv.resize(maxx);
        Fact[0]=Fact[1]=Finv[0]=Finv[1]=Inv[1]=1;
        rep(i,2,maxx){Fact[i]=Fact[i-1]*i;} Finv[maxx-1]=Fact[maxx-1].inv();
        for(int i=maxx-1;i>=2;i--){Finv[i-1]=Finv[i]*i; Inv[i]=Finv[i]*Fact[i-1];}
    }
    T fact(int n,bool inv=0){if(n<0)return 0; return (inv?Finv[n]:Fact[n]);}
    T inv(int n){if(n<0)return 0; return Inv[n];}
    T nPr(int n,int r,bool inv=0){if(n<0||n<r||r<0)return 0; return fact(n,inv)*fact(n-r,inv^1);}
    T nCr(int n,int r,bool inv=0){if(n<0||n<r||r<0)return 0; return fact(n,inv)*fact(r,inv^1)*fact(n-r,inv^1);}
    T nHr(int n,int r,bool inv=0){return nCr(n+r-1,r,inv);}
};

int main(){
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    vector g(n,vector<int>());
    rep(x,1,n){
        int p;
        cin>>p;
        assert(1<=p and p<=x);
        g[p-1].push_back(x);
    }
    vector<int> d(n);
    auto dfs=[&](auto self,int v,int p)->void{
        for(auto& to:g[v])if(to!=p){
            d[to]=d[v]+1;
            self(self,to,v);
        }
        return;
    };
    dfs(dfs,0,-1);
    Fp ret=1;
    rep(x,0,n)ret*=max(1,d[x]);
    cout<<ret<<'\n';
    return 0;
}