package adv21; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.function.IntToLongFunction; import java.util.function.IntUnaryOperator; import java.util.function.LongUnaryOperator; // O(qlog^3 n)から落ちない… public class O { InputStream is; FastWriter out; String INPUT = ""; static class Datum { long[] sorted; int[] maxs; Datum(int[] a, int l, int r) { long[] es = new long[r-l]; for(int i = l;i < r;i++){ es[i-l] = (long)a[i]<<32|r-1-i; } Arrays.sort(es); this.sorted = es; StarrySkyTreeL sst = new StarrySkyTreeL(r-l+1, i -> -i); maxs = new int[r-l+1]; for(int i = 0;i <= es.length;i++){ maxs[i] = (int)-sst.min(1, r-l+1); if(i < es.length){ sst.add(((int)es[i]) + 1, r-l+1, 2); } } } int max; int sum; void maxsum(long v) { int lb = lowerBound(this.sorted, v<<32); sum = sorted.length - lb * 2; max = maxs[lb]; } long max(long v){ int lb = lowerBound(this.sorted, v); return maxs[lb]; } int sum(long v) { int lb = lowerBound(this.sorted, v); return sorted.length - lb * 2; } } public void solve() { int n = ni(); int[] a = na(n); int ans = 0; Datum[] ds = new Datum[20]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){ a[i] ^= ans; // tr(a[i]); int t = 0; for(int d = 19;d >= 0;d--){ if(i+1<<~d<0){ if(ds[d] == null){ ds[d] = new Datum(a, t, t + (1< 1){ long h = high+low>>1; long max = -1; long hi = 0; for(int d = 0;d < 20;d++){ if(ds[d] != null){ ds[d].maxsum(h); max = Math.max(max, hi + ds[d].max); hi += ds[d].sum; // max = Math.max(max, hi + ds[d].max(h)); // hi += ds[d].sum(h); if(max >= 1)break; } } // tr(h, hi, max); if(max >= 1){ low = h; }else{ high = h; } } ans = (int)low; out.println(ans); } } public static int lowerBound(long[] a, long v) { int low = -1, high = a.length; while(high-low > 1){ int h = high+low>>>1; if(a[h] >= v){ high = h; }else{ low = h; } } return high; } public static void main(String[] args) { new O().run(); } public static class StarrySkyTreeL { public final int M, H, N, LH; public long[] mins; public long[] plus; public static final long I = Long.MAX_VALUE/4; // I+plus>>1; LH = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(H); mins = new long[M]; plus = new long[H]; } public StarrySkyTreeL(long[] a) { this(a.length); for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){ mins[H+i] = a[i]; } Arrays.fill(mins, H+N, M, I); for(int i = H-1;i >= 1;i--)propagate(i); } public StarrySkyTreeL(int n, IntToLongFunction f) { this(n); for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){ mins[H+i] = f.applyAsLong(i); } Arrays.fill(mins, H+N, M, I); for(int i = H-1;i >= 1;i--)propagate(i); } private void push1(int cur) { if(plus[cur] == 0)return; int L = cur*2, R = L + 1; mins[L] += plus[cur]; mins[R] += plus[cur]; if(L < H){ plus[L] += plus[cur]; plus[R] += plus[cur]; } plus[cur] = 0; } private void propagate(int i) { mins[i] = Math.min(mins[2*i], mins[2*i+1]) + plus[i]; } private void add1(int cur, long v) { mins[cur] += v; if(cur < H){ plus[cur] += v; } } private void push(int l, int r) { for(int i = LH;i >= 1;i--) { if (l >>> i << i != l) push1(l >>> i); if (r >>> i << i != r) push1(r >>> i); } } public void add(int l, int r, long v) { if(l >= r)return; l += H; r += H; push(l, r); for(int ll = l, rr = r;ll < rr;ll>>>=1,rr>>>=1){ if((ll&1) == 1) add1(ll++, v); if((rr&1) == 1) add1(--rr, v); } for(int i = 1;i <= LH;i++){ if(l>>>i<>>i); if(r>>>i<>>i); } } public long min(int l, int r){ long min = I; if(l >= r)return min; l += H; r += H; push(l, r); for(;l < r;l>>>=1,r>>>=1){ if((l&1) == 1)min = Math.min(min, mins[l++]); if((r&1) == 1)min = Math.min(min, mins[--r]); } return min; } public int firstle(int l, long v) { if(l >= H)return -1; int cur = H+l; for(int i = 1, j = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(H)-1;i <= cur;j--){ push1(i); i = i*2|cur>>>j&1; } while(true){ push1(cur); if(mins[cur] <= v){ if(cur >= H)return cur-H; cur = 2*cur; }else{ cur++; if((cur&cur-1) == 0)return -1; cur = cur>>>Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(cur); } } } public int lastle(int l, long v) { if(l < 0)return -1; int cur = H+l; for(int i = 1, j = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(H)-1;i <= cur;j--){ push1(i); i = i*2|cur>>>j&1; } while(true){ push1(cur); if(mins[cur] <= v){ if(cur >= H)return cur-H; cur = 2*cur+1; }else{ if((cur&cur-1) == 0)return -1; cur = cur>>>Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(cur); cur--; } } } public long[] toArray() { return toArray(1, 0, H, new long[H]); } private long[] toArray(int cur, int l, int r, long[] ret) { if(r-l == 1){ ret[cur-H] = mins[cur]; }else{ toArray(2*cur, l, l+r>>>1, ret); toArray(2*cur+1, l+r>>>1, r, ret); for(int i = l;i < r;i++)ret[i] += plus[cur]; } return ret; } } public void run() { long S = System.currentTimeMillis(); is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes()); out = new FastWriter(System.out); solve(); out.flush(); long G = System.currentTimeMillis(); tr(G-S+"ms"); // Thread t = new Thread(null, null, "~", Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()){ // @Override // public void run() { // long s = System.currentTimeMillis(); // solve(); // out.flush(); // if(!INPUT.isEmpty())tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms"); // } // }; // t.start(); // t.join(); } private boolean eof() { if(lenbuf == -1)return true; int lptr = ptrbuf; while(lptr < lenbuf)if(!isSpaceChar(inbuf[lptr++]))return false; try { is.mark(1000); while(true){ int b = is.read(); if(b == -1){ is.reset(); return true; }else if(!isSpaceChar(b)){ is.reset(); return false; } } } catch (IOException e) { return true; } } private final byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024]; public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0; private int readByte() { if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException(); if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){ ptrbuf = 0; try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); } if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1; } return inbuf[ptrbuf++]; } private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); } // private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 32 && c <= 126); } private int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; } private double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); } private char nc() { return (char)skip(); } private String ns() { int b = skip(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } return sb.toString(); } private char[] ns(int n) { char[] buf = new char[n]; int b = skip(), p = 0; while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){ buf[p++] = (char)b; b = readByte(); } return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p); } private char[][] nm(int n, int m) { char[][] map = new char[n][]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m); return map; } private int[] na(int n) { int[] a = new int[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni(); return a; } private long[] nal(int n) { long[] a = new long[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = nl(); return a; } private int ni() { int num = 0, b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } private long nl() { long num = 0; int b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } public static class FastWriter { private static final int BUF_SIZE = 1<<13; private final byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE]; private final OutputStream out; private int ptr = 0; private FastWriter(){out = null;} public FastWriter(OutputStream os) { this.out = os; } public FastWriter(String path) { try { this.out = new FileOutputStream(path); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException("FastWriter"); } } public FastWriter write(byte b) { buf[ptr++] = b; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); return this; } public FastWriter write(char c) { return write((byte)c); } public FastWriter write(char[] s) { for(char c : s){ buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); } return this; } public FastWriter write(String s) { s.chars().forEach(c -> { buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); }); return this; } private static int countDigits(int l) { if (l >= 1000000000) return 10; if (l >= 100000000) return 9; if (l >= 10000000) return 8; if (l >= 1000000) return 7; if (l >= 100000) return 6; if (l >= 10000) return 5; if (l >= 1000) return 4; if (l >= 100) return 3; if (l >= 10) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(int x) { if(x == Integer.MIN_VALUE){ return write((long)x); } if(ptr + 12 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } private static int countDigits(long l) { if (l >= 1000000000000000000L) return 19; if (l >= 100000000000000000L) return 18; if (l >= 10000000000000000L) return 17; if (l >= 1000000000000000L) return 16; if (l >= 100000000000000L) return 15; if (l >= 10000000000000L) return 14; if (l >= 1000000000000L) return 13; if (l >= 100000000000L) return 12; if (l >= 10000000000L) return 11; if (l >= 1000000000L) return 10; if (l >= 100000000L) return 9; if (l >= 10000000L) return 8; if (l >= 1000000L) return 7; if (l >= 100000L) return 6; if (l >= 10000L) return 5; if (l >= 1000L) return 4; if (l >= 100L) return 3; if (l >= 10L) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(long x) { if(x == Long.MIN_VALUE){ return write("" + x); } if(ptr + 21 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } public FastWriter write(double x, int precision) { if(x < 0){ write('-'); x = -x; } x += Math.pow(10, -precision)/2; // if(x < 0){ x = 0; } write((long)x).write("."); x -= (long)x; for(int i = 0;i < precision;i++){ x *= 10; write((char)('0'+(int)x)); x -= (int)x; } return this; } public FastWriter writeln(char c){ return write(c).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(int x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(double x, int precision){ return write(x, precision).writeln(); } public FastWriter write(int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsInt(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter write(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsLong(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter writeln() { return write((byte)'\n'); } public FastWriter writeln(int... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[] line) { return write(line).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[]... map) { for(char[] line : map)write(line).writeln();return this; } public FastWriter writeln(String s) { return write(s).writeln(); } private void innerflush() { try { out.write(buf, 0, ptr); ptr = 0; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("innerflush"); } } public void flush() { innerflush(); try { out.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("flush"); } } public FastWriter print(byte b) { return write(b); } public FastWriter print(char c) { return write(c); } public FastWriter print(char[] s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(String s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(int x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(long x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(double x, int precision) { return write(x, precision); } public FastWriter println(char c){ return writeln(c); } public FastWriter println(int x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(long x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(double x, int precision){ return writeln(x, precision); } public FastWriter print(int... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(long... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter print(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(int... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(long... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(char[] line) { return writeln(line); } public FastWriter println(char[]... map) { return writeln(map); } public FastWriter println(String s) { return writeln(s); } public FastWriter println() { return writeln(); } } public static void trnz(int... o) { for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++)if(o[i] != 0)System.out.print(i+":"+o[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } // print ids which are 1 public static void trt(long... o) { Queue stands = new ArrayDeque<>(); for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++){ for(long x = o[i];x != 0;x &= x-1)stands.add(i<<6|Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x)); } System.out.println(stands); } public static void tf(boolean... r) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } public static void tf(boolean[]... b) { for(boolean[] r : b) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } public void tf(long[]... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long[] r : b) { for (long x : r) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } } public void tf(long... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long x : b) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } } private void tr(Object... o) { if(INPUT.length() != 0)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); } }