#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include using namespace std; using lint = long long; using pint = pair; using plint = pair; struct fast_ios { fast_ios(){ cin.tie(nullptr), ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cout << fixed << setprecision(20); }; } fast_ios_; #define ALL(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define FOR(i, begin, end) for(int i=(begin),i##_end_=(end);i=i##_begin_;i--) #define REP(i, n) FOR(i,0,n) #define IREP(i, n) IFOR(i,0,n) template void ndarray(vector& vec, const V& val, int len) { vec.assign(len, val); } template void ndarray(vector& vec, const V& val, int len, Args... args) { vec.resize(len), for_each(begin(vec), end(vec), [&](T& v) { ndarray(v, val, args...); }); } template bool chmax(T &m, const T q) { return m < q ? (m = q, true) : false; } template bool chmin(T &m, const T q) { return m > q ? (m = q, true) : false; } int floor_lg(long long x) { return x <= 0 ? -1 : 63 - __builtin_clzll(x); } template pair operator+(const pair &l, const pair &r) { return make_pair(l.first + r.first, l.second + r.second); } template pair operator-(const pair &l, const pair &r) { return make_pair(l.first - r.first, l.second - r.second); } template vector sort_unique(vector vec) { sort(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.erase(unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end()); return vec; } template int arglb(const std::vector &v, const T &x) { return std::distance(v.begin(), std::lower_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x)); } template int argub(const std::vector &v, const T &x) { return std::distance(v.begin(), std::upper_bound(v.begin(), v.end(), x)); } template istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector &vec) { for (auto &v : vec) is >> v; return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector &vec) { os << '['; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const array &arr) { os << '['; for (auto v : arr) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; } #if __cplusplus >= 201703L template istream &operator>>(istream &is, tuple &tpl) { std::apply([&is](auto &&... args) { ((is >> args), ...);}, tpl); return is; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const tuple &tpl) { os << '('; std::apply([&os](auto &&... args) { ((os << args << ','), ...);}, tpl); return os << ')'; } #endif template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const deque &vec) { os << "deq["; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << ']'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const set &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_set &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const multiset &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_multiset &vec) { os << '{'; for (auto v : vec) os << v << ','; os << '}'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair &pa) { os << '(' << pa.first << ',' << pa.second << ')'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const map &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; } template ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const unordered_map &mp) { os << '{'; for (auto v : mp) os << v.first << "=>" << v.second << ','; os << '}'; return os; } #ifdef HITONANODE_LOCAL const string COLOR_RESET = "\033[0m", BRIGHT_GREEN = "\033[1;32m", BRIGHT_RED = "\033[1;31m", BRIGHT_CYAN = "\033[1;36m", NORMAL_CROSSED = "\033[0;9;37m", RED_BACKGROUND = "\033[1;41m", NORMAL_FAINT = "\033[0;2m"; #define dbg(x) cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << NORMAL_FAINT << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET << endl #define dbgif(cond, x) ((cond) ? cerr << BRIGHT_CYAN << #x << COLOR_RESET << " = " << (x) << NORMAL_FAINT << " (L" << __LINE__ << ") " << __FILE__ << COLOR_RESET << endl : cerr) #else #define dbg(x) (x) #define dbgif(cond, x) 0 #endif // Linear sieve algorithm for fast prime factorization // Complexity: O(N) time, O(N) space: // - MAXN = 10^7: ~44 MB, 80~100 ms (Codeforces / AtCoder GCC, C++17) // - MAXN = 10^8: ~435 MB, 810~980 ms (Codeforces / AtCoder GCC, C++17) // Reference: // [1] D. Gries, J. Misra, "A Linear Sieve Algorithm for Finding Prime Numbers," // Communications of the ACM, 21(12), 999-1003, 1978. // - https://cp-algorithms.com/algebra/prime-sieve-linear.html // - https://37zigen.com/linear-sieve/ struct Sieve { std::vector min_factor; std::vector primes; Sieve(int MAXN) : min_factor(MAXN + 1) { for (int d = 2; d <= MAXN; d++) { if (!min_factor[d]) { min_factor[d] = d; primes.emplace_back(d); } for (const auto &p : primes) { if (p > min_factor[d] or d * p > MAXN) break; min_factor[d * p] = p; } } } // Prime factorization for 1 <= x <= MAXN^2 // Complexity: O(log x) (x <= MAXN) // O(MAXN / log MAXN) (MAXN < x <= MAXN^2) template std::map factorize(T x) const { std::map ret; assert(x > 0 and x <= ((long long)min_factor.size() - 1) * ((long long)min_factor.size() - 1)); for (const auto &p : primes) { if (x < T(min_factor.size())) break; while (!(x % p)) x /= p, ret[p]++; } if (x >= T(min_factor.size())) ret[x]++, x = 1; while (x > 1) ret[min_factor[x]]++, x /= min_factor[x]; return ret; } // Enumerate divisors of 1 <= x <= MAXN^2 // Be careful of highly composite numbers https://oeis.org/A002182/list // https://gist.github.com/dario2994/fb4713f252ca86c1254d#file-list-txt (n, (# of div. of n)): // 45360->100, 735134400(<1e9)->1344, 963761198400(<1e12)->6720 template std::vector divisors(T x) const { std::vector ret{1}; for (const auto p : factorize(x)) { int n = ret.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (T a = 1, d = 1; d <= p.second; d++) { a *= p.first; ret.push_back(ret[i] * a); } } } return ret; // NOT sorted } // Euler phi functions of divisors of given x // Verified: ABC212 G https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc212/tasks/abc212_g // Complexity: O(sqrt(x) + d(x)) template std::map euler_of_divisors(T x) const { assert(x >= 1); std::map ret; ret[1] = 1; std::vector divs{1}; for (auto p : factorize(x)) { int n = ret.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { ret[divs[i] * p.first] = ret[divs[i]] * (p.first - 1); divs.push_back(divs[i] * p.first); for (T a = divs[i] * p.first, d = 1; d < p.second; a *= p.first, d++) { ret[a * p.first] = ret[a] * p.first; divs.push_back(a * p.first); } } } return ret; } // Moebius function Table, (-1)^{# of different prime factors} for square-free x // return: [0=>0, 1=>1, 2=>-1, 3=>-1, 4=>0, 5=>-1, 6=>1, 7=>-1, 8=>0, ...] https://oeis.org/A008683 std::vector GenerateMoebiusFunctionTable() const { std::vector ret(min_factor.size()); for (unsigned i = 1; i < min_factor.size(); i++) { if (i == 1) { ret[i] = 1; } else if ((i / min_factor[i]) % min_factor[i] == 0) { ret[i] = 0; } else { ret[i] = -ret[i / min_factor[i]]; } } return ret; } // Calculate [0^K, 1^K, ..., nmax^K] in O(nmax) // Note: **0^0 == 1** template std::vector enumerate_kth_pows(long long K, int nmax) const { assert(nmax < int(min_factor.size())); assert(K >= 0); if (K == 0) return std::vector(nmax + 1, 1); std::vector ret(nmax + 1); ret[0] = 0, ret[1] = 1; for (int n = 2; n <= nmax; n++) { if (min_factor[n] == n) { ret[n] = MODINT(n).pow(K); } else { ret[n] = ret[n / min_factor[n]] * ret[min_factor[n]]; } } return ret; } }; Sieve sieve((1 << 20)); template struct ModInt { #if __cplusplus >= 201402L #define MDCONST constexpr #else #define MDCONST #endif using lint = long long; MDCONST static int mod() { return md; } static int get_primitive_root() { static int primitive_root = 0; if (!primitive_root) { primitive_root = [&]() { std::set fac; int v = md - 1; for (lint i = 2; i * i <= v; i++) while (v % i == 0) fac.insert(i), v /= i; if (v > 1) fac.insert(v); for (int g = 1; g < md; g++) { bool ok = true; for (auto i : fac) if (ModInt(g).pow((md - 1) / i) == 1) { ok = false; break; } if (ok) return g; } return -1; }(); } return primitive_root; } int val; MDCONST ModInt() : val(0) {} MDCONST ModInt &_setval(lint v) { return val = (v >= md ? v - md : v), *this; } MDCONST ModInt(lint v) { _setval(v % md + md); } MDCONST explicit operator bool() const { return val != 0; } MDCONST ModInt operator+(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val + x.val); } MDCONST ModInt operator-(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val - x.val + md); } MDCONST ModInt operator*(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val * x.val % md); } MDCONST ModInt operator/(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val * x.inv() % md); } MDCONST ModInt operator-() const { return ModInt()._setval(md - val); } MDCONST ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this + x; } MDCONST ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this - x; } MDCONST ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this * x; } MDCONST ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this / x; } friend MDCONST ModInt operator+(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt()._setval(a % md + x.val); } friend MDCONST ModInt operator-(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt()._setval(a % md - x.val + md); } friend MDCONST ModInt operator*(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt()._setval(a % md * x.val % md); } friend MDCONST ModInt operator/(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt()._setval(a % md * x.inv() % md); } MDCONST bool operator==(const ModInt &x) const { return val == x.val; } MDCONST bool operator!=(const ModInt &x) const { return val != x.val; } MDCONST bool operator<(const ModInt &x) const { return val < x.val; } // To use std::map friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, ModInt &x) { lint t; return is >> t, x = ModInt(t), is; } MDCONST friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &x) { return os << x.val; } MDCONST ModInt pow(lint n) const { ModInt ans = 1, tmp = *this; while (n) { if (n & 1) ans *= tmp; tmp *= tmp, n >>= 1; } return ans; } static std::vector facs, facinvs, invs; MDCONST static void _precalculation(int N) { int l0 = facs.size(); if (N > md) N = md; if (N <= l0) return; facs.resize(N), facinvs.resize(N), invs.resize(N); for (int i = l0; i < N; i++) facs[i] = facs[i - 1] * i; facinvs[N - 1] = facs.back().pow(md - 2); for (int i = N - 2; i >= l0; i--) facinvs[i] = facinvs[i + 1] * (i + 1); for (int i = N - 1; i >= l0; i--) invs[i] = facinvs[i] * facs[i - 1]; } MDCONST lint inv() const { if (this->val < std::min(md >> 1, 1 << 21)) { while (this->val >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return invs[this->val].val; } else { return this->pow(md - 2).val; } } MDCONST ModInt fac() const { while (this->val >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return facs[this->val]; } MDCONST ModInt facinv() const { while (this->val >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return facinvs[this->val]; } MDCONST ModInt doublefac() const { lint k = (this->val + 1) / 2; return (this->val & 1) ? ModInt(k * 2).fac() / (ModInt(2).pow(k) * ModInt(k).fac()) : ModInt(k).fac() * ModInt(2).pow(k); } MDCONST ModInt nCr(const ModInt &r) const { return (this->val < r.val) ? 0 : this->fac() * (*this - r).facinv() * r.facinv(); } MDCONST ModInt nPr(const ModInt &r) const { return (this->val < r.val) ? 0 : this->fac() * (*this - r).facinv(); } ModInt sqrt() const { if (val == 0) return 0; if (md == 2) return val; if (pow((md - 1) / 2) != 1) return 0; ModInt b = 1; while (b.pow((md - 1) / 2) == 1) b += 1; int e = 0, m = md - 1; while (m % 2 == 0) m >>= 1, e++; ModInt x = pow((m - 1) / 2), y = (*this) * x * x; x *= (*this); ModInt z = b.pow(m); while (y != 1) { int j = 0; ModInt t = y; while (t != 1) j++, t *= t; z = z.pow(1LL << (e - j - 1)); x *= z, z *= z, y *= z; e = j; } return ModInt(std::min(x.val, md - x.val)); } }; template std::vector> ModInt::facs = {1}; template std::vector> ModInt::facinvs = {1}; template std::vector> ModInt::invs = {0}; using mint = ModInt<998244353>; struct CountPrimes { // Count Primes less than or equal to x (\pi(x)) for each x = N / i (i = 1, ..., N) in O(N^(2/3)) time // Learned this algorihtm from https://old.yosupo.jp/submission/14650 // Reference: https://min-25.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/11/11/172216 using Int = long long; Int n, n2, n3, n6; std::vector is_prime; // [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] std::vector primes; // primes up to O(N^(1/2)), [2, 3, 5, 7, ...] int s; // size of vs std::vector vs; // [N, ..., n2, n2 - 1, n2 - 2, ..., 3, 2, 1] std::vector pi; // pi[i] = (# of primes s.t. <= vs[i]) is finally obtained std::vector _fenwick; int getidx(Int a) const { return a <= n2 ? s - a : n / a - 1; } // vs[i] >= a を満たす最大の i を返す CountPrimes(Int n_) : n(n_), n2((Int)sqrtl(n)), n3((Int)cbrtl(n)), n6((Int)sqrtl(n3)) { is_prime.assign(n2 + 300, 1), is_prime[0] = is_prime[1] = 0; // `+ 300`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_gap for (size_t p = 2; p < is_prime.size(); p++) { if (is_prime[p]) { primes.push_back(p); for (size_t j = p * 2; j < is_prime.size(); j += p) is_prime[j] = 0; } } for (Int now = n; now; now = n / (n / now + 1)) vs.push_back(now); // [N, N / 2, ..., 1], Relevant integers (decreasing) length ~= 2sqrt(N) s = vs.size(); // pi[i] = (# of integers x s.t. x <= vs[i], (x is prime or all factors of x >= p)) // pre = (# of primes less than p) // 最小の素因数 p = 2, ..., について篩っていく pi.resize(s); for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) pi[i] = vs[i] - 1; int pre = 0; auto trans = [&](int i, Int p) { pi[i] -= pi[getidx(vs[i] / p)] - pre; }; for (int ip = 0; primes[ip] <= n2; ip++, pre++) { const auto &p = primes[ip]; for (int i = 0; p * p <= vs[i]; i++) trans(i, p); } } }; int main() { lint N, M; cin >> N >> M; CountPrimes cp(M); vector xs = cp.vs; vector npr = cp.pi; dbgif(M <= 100, xs); dbgif(M <= 100, npr); const mint p2n = mint(2).pow(N); dbg(p2n); vector dp; // REP(i, npr.size()) dp.push_back(npr[i] * p2n + (xs[i] - npr[i])); REP(i, npr.size()) dp.push_back(npr[i] * p2n); // 素数は 2^N, 1 は 1, 合成数は 0 // REP(i, npr.size()) dp.push_back((xs[i] - 1) * p2n + 1); // dp.assign(xs.size(), 0); // for (auto &x : dp) x += 1; // dp.back() = 1; { int ip = 0; for (; cp.primes[ip] <= cp.n2; ip++) {} --ip; for (; ip >= 0; --ip) { const auto &p = cp.primes[ip]; // 最小の素因数が p の合成数をなんとかする int i = 0; for (; p * p <= cp.vs[i]; ++i) { } --i; for (; i >= 0; --i) { int j = cp.getidx(cp.vs[i] / p); int k = cp.getidx(p); dp[i] += (dp[j] - dp[k + 1]) * p2n; } dbgif(M <= 100, p); dbgif(M <= 100, dp); } } // int pre = 0; // auto trans = [&](int i, long long p) { // dp[i] += dp[cp.getidx(cp.vs[i] / p)] * (p2n - 1); // }; // for (int ip = 0; cp.primes[ip] <= cp.n2; ip++, pre++) { // const auto &p = cp.primes[ip]; // int i = 0; // for (; p * p <= cp.vs[i]; ++i) {} // --i; // for (; i >= 0; --i) trans(i, p); // } for (auto &x : dp) x += 1; // vector gudp0; // for (auto x : xs) { // mint sum = 0; // FOR(i, 1, x + 1) { // auto f = sieve.factorize(i); // int nb = 0; // for (auto [p, deg] : f) nb += deg; // sum += mint(2).pow(nb); // } // gudp0.push_back(sum); // } // dbgif(M <= 100, gudp0); // dbgif(M <= 100, dp); // EQUAL // assert(gudp0 == dp); // auto primes_rev = cp.primes; // reverse(primes_rev.begin(), primes_rev.end()); vector powNs(100); REP(i, powNs.size()) powNs[i] = mint(i).pow(N); for (lint p : cp.primes) { if (p * p > M) break; dbgif(M <= 100, p); for (int i = 0; p * p <= cp.vs[i]; ++i) { lint ppow = p * p; int deg = 2; // mint coeff = mint(2).pow(N) * mint(2).pow(N); mint coeff = powNs[2] * powNs[2]; while (ppow <= cp.vs[i]) { int j = cp.getidx(cp.vs[i] / ppow); // mint nxtcoeff = mint(deg + 1).pow(N); mint nxtcoeff = powNs[deg + 1]; dp[i] += dp[j] * (nxtcoeff - coeff); // coeff = nxtcoeff * mint(2).pow(N); coeff = nxtcoeff * powNs[2]; ppow *= p; deg++; } } // int deg = 2; // lint ppow = p * p; // while (ppow <= M) { // // mint coeff = (mint(deg + 1) / (deg * 2)).pow(N); // mint coeff = (mint(deg + 1)).pow(N); // int i = 0; // auto trans = [&](int i) { // dbgif(N == 3 and M == 4, ppow); // dbgif(N == 3 and M == 4, cp.vs[i]); // dbgif(N == 3 and M == 4, coeff); // dbgif(N == 3 and M == 4, (coeff - mint(deg).pow(N) * p2n)); // dp[i] += dp[cp.getidx(cp.vs[i] / ppow)] * (coeff - mint(deg).pow(N) * p2n); // }; // for (; ppow <= cp.vs[i]; ++i) { // trans(i); // } // --i; // for (; i >= 0; --i) { // // trans(i); // } // dbgif(M <= 100, ppow); // dbgif(M <= 100, dp); // deg++; // ppow *= p; // } dbgif(M <= 100, dp); } dbgif(M <= 100, dp); cout << dp[0] << endl; // vector gu; // for (auto x : cp.vs) { // mint su = 0; // FOR(i, 1, x + 1) { // mint sigma0 = sieve.divisors(i).size(); // su += sigma0.pow(N); // } // gu.push_back(su); // } // dbgif(M <= 100, gu); // dbg(gu[0]); }