package adv21; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import java.util.function.IntUnaryOperator; import java.util.function.LongUnaryOperator; public class O3 { InputStream is; FastWriter out; String INPUT = ""; static class Datum { long[] sorted; int[] maxs; Datum(int[] a, int l, int r) { long[] es = new long[r-l]; for(int i = l;i < r;i++){ es[i-l] = (long)a[i]<<32|r-1-i; } Arrays.sort(es); this.sorted = es; StarrySkyTree sst = new StarrySkyTree(r-l, i -> -(i+1)); maxs = new int[r-l+1]; for(int i = 0;i <= es.length;i++){ maxs[i] = -sst.mins[1];//(int)-sst.min(0, r-l); if(i < es.length){ sst.add(((int)es[i]), r-l, 2); } } } int max; int sum; void maxsum(long v) { int lb = lowerBound(this.sorted, v<<32); sum = sorted.length - lb * 2; max = maxs[lb]; } } public void solve() { int n = ni(); int[] a = na(n); int ans = 0; Datum[] ds = new Datum[20]; Node root = null; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++){ a[i] ^= ans; // tr(a[i]); int t = 0; for(int d = 19;d >= 0;d--){ if(i+1<<~d<0){ if(ds[d] == null){ ds[d] = new Datum(a, t, t + (1< 1){ int hind = highi+lowi>>1; long h = get(root, hind).v; long max = -1; long hi = 0; for(int d = 0;d < 20;d++){ if(ds[d] != null){ ds[d].maxsum(h); if(hi + ds[d].max >= 1){ lowi = hind; continue outer; } max = Math.max(max, hi + ds[d].max); hi += ds[d].sum; // max = Math.max(max, hi + ds[d].max(h)); // hi += ds[d].sum(h); if(max >= 1)break; } } // tr(h, hi, max); highi = hind; } ans = get(root, lowi).v; out.println(ans); } } public static int lowerBound(long[] a, long v) { int low = -1, high = a.length; while(high-low > 1){ int h = high+low>>>1; if(a[h] >= v){ high = h; }else{ low = h; } } return high; } public static void main(String[] args) { new O3().run(); } public static class StarrySkyTree { public final int M, H, N, LH; public int[] mins; public int[] plus; public static final int I = Integer.MAX_VALUE/4; // I+plus>>1; LH = Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros(H); mins = new int[M]; plus = new int[H]; } public StarrySkyTree(int[] a) { this(a.length); for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){ mins[H+i] = a[i]; } Arrays.fill(mins, H+N, M, I); for(int i = H-1;i >= 1;i--)propagate(i); } public StarrySkyTree(int n, IntUnaryOperator f) { this(n); for(int i = 0;i < N;i++){ mins[H+i] = f.applyAsInt(i); } Arrays.fill(mins, H+N, M, I); for(int i = H-1;i >= 1;i--)propagate(i); } private void push1(int cur) { if(plus[cur] == 0)return; int L = cur*2, R = L + 1; mins[L] += plus[cur]; mins[R] += plus[cur]; if(L < H){ plus[L] += plus[cur]; plus[R] += plus[cur]; } plus[cur] = 0; } private void propagate(int i) { mins[i] = Math.min(mins[2*i], mins[2*i+1]) + plus[i]; } private void add1(int cur, int v) { mins[cur] += v; if(cur < H){ plus[cur] += v; } } private void push(int l, int r) { for(int i = LH;i >= 1;i--) { if (l >>> i << i != l) push1(l >>> i); if (r >>> i << i != r) push1(r >>> i); } } public void add(int l, int r, int v) { if(l >= r)return; l += H; r += H; push(l, r); for(int ll = l, rr = r;ll < rr;ll>>>=1,rr>>>=1){ if((ll&1) == 1) add1(ll++, v); if((rr&1) == 1) add1(--rr, v); } for(int i = 1;i <= LH;i++){ if(l>>>i<>>i); if(r>>>i<>>i); } } public int min(int l, int r){ int min = I; if(l >= r)return min; l += H; r += H; push(l, r); for(;l < r;l>>>=1,r>>>=1){ if((l&1) == 1)min = Math.min(min, mins[l++]); if((r&1) == 1)min = Math.min(min, mins[--r]); } return min; } public long[] toArray() { return toArray(1, 0, H, new long[H]); } private long[] toArray(int cur, int l, int r, long[] ret) { if(r-l == 1){ ret[cur-H] = mins[cur]; }else{ toArray(2*cur, l, l+r>>>1, ret); toArray(2*cur+1, l+r>>>1, r, ret); for(int i = l;i < r;i++)ret[i] += plus[cur]; } return ret; } } public static Random gen = new Random(); static public class Node { public int v; // value public long priority; public Node left, right, parent; public int count; public Node(int v) { this.v = v; priority = gen.nextLong(); update(this); } @Override public String toString() { StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(); builder.append("Node [v="); builder.append(v); builder.append(", count="); builder.append(count); builder.append(", parent="); builder.append(parent != null ? parent.v : "null"); builder.append("]"); return builder.toString(); } } public static Node update(Node a) { if(a == null)return null; a.count = 1; if(a.left != null)a.count += a.left.count; if(a.right != null)a.count += a.right.count; // TODO return a; } public static void propagate(Node x) { for(;x != null;x = x.parent)update(x); } public static Node disconnect(Node a) { if(a == null)return null; a.left = a.right = a.parent = null; return update(a); } public static Node root(Node x) { if(x == null)return null; while(x.parent != null)x = x.parent; return x; } public static int count(Node a) { return a == null ? 0 : a.count; } public static void setParent(Node a, Node par) { if(a != null)a.parent = par; } public static Node merge(Node a, Node b, Node... c) { Node x = merge(a, b); for(Node n : c)x = merge(x, n); return x; } public static Node merge(Node a, Node b) { if(b == null)return a; if(a == null)return b; if(a.priority > b.priority){ setParent(a.right, null); setParent(b, null); a.right = merge(a.right, b); setParent(a.right, a); return update(a); }else{ setParent(a, null); setParent(b.left, null); b.left = merge(a, b.left); setParent(b.left, b); return update(b); } } public static Node[] split(Node x) { if(x == null)return new Node[]{null, null}; if(x.left != null)x.left.parent = null; Node[] sp = new Node[]{x.left, x}; x.left = null; update(x); while(x.parent != null){ Node p = x.parent; x.parent = null; if(x == p.left){ p.left = sp[1]; if(sp[1] != null)sp[1].parent = p; sp[1] = p; }else{ p.right = sp[0]; if(sp[0] != null)sp[0].parent = p; sp[0] = p; } update(p); x = p; } return sp; } public static Node[] split(Node a, int... ks) { int n = ks.length; if(n == 0)return new Node[]{a}; for(int i = 0;i < n-1;i++){ if(ks[i] > ks[i+1])throw new IllegalArgumentException(Arrays.toString(ks)); } Node[] ns = new Node[n+1]; Node cur = a; for(int i = n-1;i >= 0;i--){ Node[] sp = split(cur, ks[i]); cur = sp[0]; ns[i] = sp[0]; ns[i+1] = sp[1]; } return ns; } // [0,K),[K,N) public static Node[] split(Node a, int K) { if(a == null)return new Node[]{null, null}; if(K <= count(a.left)){ setParent(a.left, null); Node[] s = split(a.left, K); a.left = s[1]; setParent(a.left, a); s[1] = update(a); return s; }else{ setParent(a.right, null); Node[] s = split(a.right, K-count(a.left)-1); a.right = s[0]; setParent(a.right, a); s[0] = update(a); return s; } } public static Node insertb(Node root, Node x) { int ind = lowerBound(root, x.v); return insert(root, ind, x); } public static Node insert(Node a, int K, Node b) { if(a == null)return b; if(b.priority < a.priority){ if(K <= count(a.left)){ a.left = insert(a.left, K, b); setParent(a.left, a); }else{ a.right = insert(a.right, K-count(a.left)-1, b); setParent(a.right, a); } return update(a); }else{ Node[] ch = split(a, K); b.left = ch[0]; b.right = ch[1]; setParent(b.left, b); setParent(b.right, b); return update(b); } } // delete K-th public static Node erase(Node a, int K) { if(a == null)return null; if(K < count(a.left)){ a.left = erase(a.left, K); setParent(a.left, a); return update(a); }else if(K == count(a.left)){ setParent(a.left, null); setParent(a.right, null); Node aa = merge(a.left, a.right); disconnect(a); return aa; }else{ a.right = erase(a.right, K-count(a.left)-1); setParent(a.right, a); return update(a); } } public static Node get(Node a, int K) { while(a != null){ if(K < count(a.left)){ a = a.left; }else if(K == count(a.left)){ break; }else{ K = K - count(a.left)-1; a = a.right; } } return a; } public static int index(Node a) { if(a == null)return -1; int ind = count(a.left); while(a != null){ Node par = a.parent; if(par != null && par.right == a){ ind += count(par.left) + 1; } a = par; } return ind; } public static Node mergeTechnically(Node x, Node y) { if(count(x) > count(y)){ Node d = x; x = y; y = d; } // |x|<=|y| for(Node cur : nodesdfs(x))y = insertb(y, disconnect(cur)); return y; } public static int lowerBound(Node a, int q) { int lcount = 0; while(a != null){ if(a.v >= q){ a = a.left; }else{ lcount += count(a.left) + 1; a = a.right; } } return lcount; } public static int search(Node a, int q) { int lcount = 0; while(a != null){ if(a.v == q){ lcount += count(a.left); break; } if(q < a.v){ a = a.left; }else{ lcount += count(a.left) + 1; a = a.right; } } return a == null ? -(lcount+1) : lcount; } public static Node next(Node x) { if(x == null)return null; if(x.right != null){ x = x.right; while(x.left != null)x = x.left; return x; }else{ while(true){ Node p = x.parent; if(p == null)return null; if(p.left == x)return p; x = p; } } } public static Node prev(Node x) { if(x == null)return null; if(x.left != null){ x = x.left; while(x.right != null)x = x.right; return x; }else{ while(true){ Node p = x.parent; if(p == null)return null; if(p.right == x)return p; x = p; } } } public static Node build(int[] a, int l, int r) { if(l >= r)return null; int h = l+r>>1; Node root = new Node(a[h]); Node L = build(a, l, h); root.left = L; if(L != null)L.parent = root; Node R = build(a, h+1, r); root.right = R; if(R != null)R.parent = root; return update(root); } public static Node[] nodes(Node a) { return nodes(a, new Node[count(a)], 0, count(a)); } public static Node[] nodes(Node a, Node[] ns, int L, int R) { if(a == null)return ns; nodes(a.left, ns, L, L+count(a.left)); ns[L+count(a.left)] = a; nodes(a.right, ns, R-count(a.right), R); return ns; } // faster than nodes but inconsistent public static Node[] nodesdfs(Node a) { return nodesdfs(a, new Node[a.count], new int[]{0}); } public static Node[] nodesdfs(Node a, Node[] ns, int[] pos) { if(a == null)return ns; ns[pos[0]++] = a; nodesdfs(a.left, ns, pos); nodesdfs(a.right, ns, pos); return ns; } public static String toString(Node a, String indent) { if(a == null)return ""; StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(toString(a.left, indent + " ")); sb.append(indent).append(a).append("\n"); sb.append(toString(a.right, indent + " ")); return sb.toString(); } public void run() { long S = System.currentTimeMillis(); is = INPUT.isEmpty() ? System.in : new ByteArrayInputStream(INPUT.getBytes()); out = new FastWriter(System.out); solve(); out.flush(); long G = System.currentTimeMillis(); tr(G-S+"ms"); // Thread t = new Thread(null, null, "~", Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory()){ // @Override // public void run() { // long s = System.currentTimeMillis(); // solve(); // out.flush(); // if(!INPUT.isEmpty())tr(System.currentTimeMillis()-s+"ms"); // } // }; // t.start(); // t.join(); } private boolean eof() { if(lenbuf == -1)return true; int lptr = ptrbuf; while(lptr < lenbuf)if(!isSpaceChar(inbuf[lptr++]))return false; try { is.mark(1000); while(true){ int b = is.read(); if(b == -1){ is.reset(); return true; }else if(!isSpaceChar(b)){ is.reset(); return false; } } } catch (IOException e) { return true; } } private final byte[] inbuf = new byte[1024]; public int lenbuf = 0, ptrbuf = 0; private int readByte() { if(lenbuf == -1)throw new InputMismatchException(); if(ptrbuf >= lenbuf){ ptrbuf = 0; try { lenbuf = is.read(inbuf); } catch (IOException e) { throw new InputMismatchException(); } if(lenbuf <= 0)return -1; } return inbuf[ptrbuf++]; } private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 33 && c <= 126); } // private boolean isSpaceChar(int c) { return !(c >= 32 && c <= 126); } private int skip() { int b; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && isSpaceChar(b)); return b; } private double nd() { return Double.parseDouble(ns()); } private char nc() { return (char)skip(); } private String ns() { int b = skip(); StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); while(!(isSpaceChar(b))){ sb.appendCodePoint(b); b = readByte(); } return sb.toString(); } private char[] ns(int n) { char[] buf = new char[n]; int b = skip(), p = 0; while(p < n && !(isSpaceChar(b))){ buf[p++] = (char)b; b = readByte(); } return n == p ? buf : Arrays.copyOf(buf, p); } private char[][] nm(int n, int m) { char[][] map = new char[n][]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)map[i] = ns(m); return map; } private int[] na(int n) { int[] a = new int[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = ni(); return a; } private long[] nal(int n) { long[] a = new long[n]; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++)a[i] = nl(); return a; } private int ni() { int num = 0, b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } private long nl() { long num = 0; int b; boolean minus = false; while((b = readByte()) != -1 && !((b >= '0' && b <= '9') || b == '-')); if(b == '-'){ minus = true; b = readByte(); } while(true){ if(b >= '0' && b <= '9'){ num = num * 10 + (b - '0'); }else{ return minus ? -num : num; } b = readByte(); } } public static class FastWriter { private static final int BUF_SIZE = 1<<13; private final byte[] buf = new byte[BUF_SIZE]; private final OutputStream out; private int ptr = 0; private FastWriter(){out = null;} public FastWriter(OutputStream os) { this.out = os; } public FastWriter(String path) { try { this.out = new FileOutputStream(path); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { throw new RuntimeException("FastWriter"); } } public FastWriter write(byte b) { buf[ptr++] = b; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); return this; } public FastWriter write(char c) { return write((byte)c); } public FastWriter write(char[] s) { for(char c : s){ buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); } return this; } public FastWriter write(String s) { s.chars().forEach(c -> { buf[ptr++] = (byte)c; if(ptr == BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); }); return this; } private static int countDigits(int l) { if (l >= 1000000000) return 10; if (l >= 100000000) return 9; if (l >= 10000000) return 8; if (l >= 1000000) return 7; if (l >= 100000) return 6; if (l >= 10000) return 5; if (l >= 1000) return 4; if (l >= 100) return 3; if (l >= 10) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(int x) { if(x == Integer.MIN_VALUE){ return write((long)x); } if(ptr + 12 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } private static int countDigits(long l) { if (l >= 1000000000000000000L) return 19; if (l >= 100000000000000000L) return 18; if (l >= 10000000000000000L) return 17; if (l >= 1000000000000000L) return 16; if (l >= 100000000000000L) return 15; if (l >= 10000000000000L) return 14; if (l >= 1000000000000L) return 13; if (l >= 100000000000L) return 12; if (l >= 10000000000L) return 11; if (l >= 1000000000L) return 10; if (l >= 100000000L) return 9; if (l >= 10000000L) return 8; if (l >= 1000000L) return 7; if (l >= 100000L) return 6; if (l >= 10000L) return 5; if (l >= 1000L) return 4; if (l >= 100L) return 3; if (l >= 10L) return 2; return 1; } public FastWriter write(long x) { if(x == Long.MIN_VALUE){ return write("" + x); } if(ptr + 21 >= BUF_SIZE)innerflush(); if(x < 0){ write((byte)'-'); x = -x; } int d = countDigits(x); for(int i = ptr + d - 1;i >= ptr;i--){ buf[i] = (byte)('0'+x%10); x /= 10; } ptr += d; return this; } public FastWriter write(double x, int precision) { if(x < 0){ write('-'); x = -x; } x += Math.pow(10, -precision)/2; // if(x < 0){ x = 0; } write((long)x).write("."); x -= (long)x; for(int i = 0;i < precision;i++){ x *= 10; write((char)('0'+(int)x)); x -= (int)x; } return this; } public FastWriter writeln(char c){ return write(c).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(int x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long x){ return write(x).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(double x, int precision){ return write(x, precision).writeln(); } public FastWriter write(int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(x); } return this; } public FastWriter write(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { boolean first = true; for(int x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsInt(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter write(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { boolean first = true; for(long x : xs) { if (!first) write(' '); first = false; write(f.applyAsLong(x)); } return this; } public FastWriter writeln() { return write((byte)'\n'); } public FastWriter writeln(int... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(long... xs) { return write(xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[] line) { return write(line).writeln(); } public FastWriter writeln(char[]... map) { for(char[] line : map)write(line).writeln();return this; } public FastWriter writeln(String s) { return write(s).writeln(); } private void innerflush() { try { out.write(buf, 0, ptr); ptr = 0; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("innerflush"); } } public void flush() { innerflush(); try { out.flush(); } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("flush"); } } public FastWriter print(byte b) { return write(b); } public FastWriter print(char c) { return write(c); } public FastWriter print(char[] s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(String s) { return write(s); } public FastWriter print(int x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(long x) { return write(x); } public FastWriter print(double x, int precision) { return write(x, precision); } public FastWriter println(char c){ return writeln(c); } public FastWriter println(int x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(long x){ return writeln(x); } public FastWriter println(double x, int precision){ return writeln(x, precision); } public FastWriter print(int... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(long... xs) { return write(xs); } public FastWriter print(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter print(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return write(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(int... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(long... xs) { return writeln(xs); } public FastWriter println(IntUnaryOperator f, int... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(LongUnaryOperator f, long... xs) { return writeln(f, xs); } public FastWriter println(char[] line) { return writeln(line); } public FastWriter println(char[]... map) { return writeln(map); } public FastWriter println(String s) { return writeln(s); } public FastWriter println() { return writeln(); } } public static void trnz(int... o) { for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++)if(o[i] != 0)System.out.print(i+":"+o[i]+" "); System.out.println(); } // print ids which are 1 public static void trt(long... o) { Queue stands = new ArrayDeque<>(); for(int i = 0;i < o.length;i++){ for(long x = o[i];x != 0;x &= x-1)stands.add(i<<6|Long.numberOfTrailingZeros(x)); } System.out.println(stands); } public static void tf(boolean... r) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } public static void tf(boolean[]... b) { for(boolean[] r : b) { for(boolean x : r)System.out.print(x?'#':'.'); System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } public void tf(long[]... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long[] r : b) { for (long x : r) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } System.out.println(); } } public void tf(long... b) { if(INPUT.length() != 0) { for (long x : b) { for (int i = 0; i < 64; i++) { System.out.print(x << ~i < 0 ? '#' : '.'); } } System.out.println(); } } private void tr(Object... o) { if(INPUT.length() != 0)System.out.println(Arrays.deepToString(o)); } }