#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
using i32 = int32_t;
using u32 = uint32_t;
using i64 = int64_t;
using u64 = uint64_t;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(n); i++)


i64 testcase(){
    i64 N,M; cin >> N >> M;

    if(M == 1) return 0;
    if(M == 2) return 1;
    
    i64 ans = 0;
    i64 max_costly_erase = M/2;
    ans += max_costly_erase - 1;
    ans += (max_costly_erase + 1) * max_costly_erase / 2 - 1;
    if(N >= M) ans++;
    return ans;
}



int main(){
    int T; cin >> T;
    rep(caseid, T) cout << testcase() << "\n";
    return 0;
}


struct ios_do_not_sync{
    ios_do_not_sync(){
        std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        std::cin.tie(nullptr);
    }
} ios_do_not_sync_instance;