import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
		int t = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
		PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(System.out);
		for (int z = 0; z < t; z++) {
			String[] sa = br.readLine().split(" ");
			int n = Integer.parseInt(sa[0]);
			int m = Integer.parseInt(sa[1]);

			if (m <= n) {
				pw.println(m / 2);
			} else {
				long x = m / 2;
				long y = m - n;
				long ans1 = x - y;
				long ans2 = (3 + y + 1) * (y - 1) / 2;
				pw.println(ans1 + ans2);
			}
		}
		pw.flush();
		br.close();
	}
}