/**
 *   @FileName	a.cpp
 *   @Author	kanpurin
 *   @Created	2022.01.07 23:50:18
**/

#include "bits/stdc++.h" 
using namespace std; 
typedef long long ll;


int main() {
    int t;cin >> t;
    for (int _ = 0; _ < t; _++) {
        ll n,m;cin >> n >> m;
        if (m == 1) {
            cout << 0 << endl;
        }
        else if (m <= n) {
            cout << (m-2)/2+1 << endl;
        }
        else {
            cout << (m-n-1)*(m-n+4)/2+((2*n-m)/2) << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}