#pragma GCC optimize("O3")
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

// clang-format off
using namespace std;
using ll = long long int;

#define all(v) (v).begin(),(v).end()
#define repeat(cnt,l) for(typename remove_const<typename remove_reference<decltype(l)>::type>::type cnt={};(cnt)<(l);++(cnt))
#define rrepeat(cnt,l) for(auto cnt=(l)-1;0<=(cnt);--(cnt))
#define iterate(cnt,b,e) for(auto cnt=(b);(cnt)!=(e);++(cnt))
#define increase(cnt,b,e) for(auto cnt=(b);(cnt)<(e);++(cnt))
#define decrease(cnt,b,e) for(auto cnt=(b);(e)<=(cnt);--(cnt))
const long long MD = 998244353; const long double PI = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795L;
template<typename T1, typename T2> inline ostream& operator <<(ostream &o, const pair<T1, T2> p) { o << '(' << p.first << ':' << p.second << ')'; return o; }
template<typename T> inline T& chmax(T& to, const T& val) { return to = max(to, val); }
template<typename T> inline T& chmin(T& to, const T& val) { return to = min(to, val); }
void bye(string s, int code = 0) { cout << s << endl; exit(code); }
mt19937_64 randdev(8901016);
template<typename T, typename Random = decltype(randdev), typename enable_if<is_integral<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
inline T rand(T l, T h, Random& rand = randdev) { return uniform_int_distribution<T>(l, h)(rand); }
template<typename T, typename Random = decltype(randdev), typename enable_if<is_floating_point<T>::value>::type* = nullptr>
inline T rand(T l, T h, Random& rand = randdev) { return uniform_real_distribution<T>(l, h)(rand); }template<typename T>
static ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const std::vector<T>& v) {
  o << "[ "; for(const auto& e : v) o<<e<<' '; return o << ']';
}

template <typename I> struct MyRangeFormat{ I b,e; MyRangeFormat(I _b, I _e):b(_b),e(_e){} };
template<typename I> static ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const MyRangeFormat<I>& f) {
  o << "[ "; iterate(i,f.b,f.e) o<<*i<<' '; return o << ']';
}
template <typename I> struct MyMatrixFormat{
  const I& p; long long n, m;
  MyMatrixFormat(const I& _p, long long _n, long long _m):p(_p),n(_n),m(_m){}
};
template<typename I> static ostream& operator<<(ostream& o, const MyMatrixFormat<I>& f) {
  o<<'\n';
  repeat(i,(f.n)) {
    repeat(j,f.m) o<<f.p[i][j]<<' ';
    o<<'\n';
  }
  return o;
}
struct LOG_t { ~LOG_t() { cout << endl; } };
#define LOG (LOG_t(),cout<<'L'<<__LINE__<<": ")
#define FMTA(m,w) (MyRangeFormat<decltype(m+0)>(m,m+w))
#define FMTR(b,e) (MyRangeFormat<decltype(e)>(b,e))
#define FMTV(v) FMTR(v.begin(),v.end())
#define FMTM(m,h,w) (MyMatrixFormat<decltype(m+0)>(m,h,w))

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
#define getc_x _getc_nolock
#define putc_x _putc_nolock
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#define getc_x getc_unlocked
#define putc_x putc_unlocked
#else
#define getc_x getc
#define putc_x putc
#endif
class MaiScanner {
  FILE* fp_;
  constexpr bool isvisiblechar(char c) noexcept { return (0x21<=(c)&&(c)<=0x7E); }
public:
  inline MaiScanner(FILE* fp):fp_(fp){}
  template<typename T> void input_integer(T& var) noexcept {
    var = 0; T sign = 1;
    int cc = getc_x(fp_);
    for (; cc < '0' || '9' < cc; cc = getc_x(fp_))
      if (cc == '-') sign = -1;
    for (; '0' <= cc && cc <= '9'; cc = getc_x(fp_))
      var = (var << 3) + (var << 1) + cc - '0';
    var = var * sign;
  }
  inline int c() noexcept { return getc_x(fp_); }
  template<typename T, typename enable_if<is_integral<T>::value, nullptr_t>::type = nullptr>
  inline MaiScanner& operator>>(T& var) noexcept { input_integer<T>(var); return *this; }
  inline MaiScanner& operator>>(string& var) {
    int cc = getc_x(fp_);
    for (; !isvisiblechar(cc); cc = getc_x(fp_));
    for (; isvisiblechar(cc); cc = getc_x(fp_))
      var.push_back(cc);
    return *this;
  }
  template<typename IT> inline void in(IT begin, IT end) { for (auto it = begin; it != end; ++it) *this >> *it; }
};
class MaiPrinter {
  FILE* fp_;
public:
  inline MaiPrinter(FILE* fp):fp_(fp){}
  template<typename T>
  void output_integer(T var) noexcept {
    if (var == 0) { putc_x('0', fp_); return; }
    if (var < 0)
      putc_x('-', fp_),
      var = -var;
    char stack[32]; int stack_p = 0;
    while (var)
      stack[stack_p++] = '0' + (var % 10),
      var /= 10;
    while (stack_p)
      putc_x(stack[--stack_p], fp_);
  }
  inline MaiPrinter& operator<<(char c) noexcept { putc_x(c, fp_); return *this; }
  template<typename T, typename enable_if<is_integral<T>::value, nullptr_t>::type = nullptr>
  inline MaiPrinter& operator<<(T var) noexcept { output_integer<T>(var); return *this; }
  inline MaiPrinter& operator<<(const char* str_p) noexcept { while (*str_p) putc_x(*(str_p++), fp_); return *this; }
  inline MaiPrinter& operator<<(const string& str) {
    const char* p = str.c_str();
    const char* l = p + str.size();
    while (p < l) putc_x(*p++, fp_);
    return *this;
  }
  template<typename IT> void join(IT begin, IT end, char sep = ' ') { for (bool b = 0; begin != end; ++begin, b = 1) b ? *this << sep << *begin : *this << *begin; }
};
MaiScanner scanner(stdin);
MaiPrinter printer(stdout);
// clang-format on

class Unionfind {
 public:
  vector<int> data;
  explicit Unionfind(int size) : data(size, -1) {}
  bool connect(int x, int y) {
    x = root(x);
    y = root(y);
    if (x != y) {
      if (data[y] < data[x])
        swap(x, y);
      data[x] += data[y];
      data[y] = (int)x;
    }
    return x != y;
  }
  inline bool same(int x, int y) { return root(x) == root(y); }
  inline int root(int x) { return (int)(data[x] < 0 ? x : data[x] = root(data[x])); }
  inline int size(int x) { return -data[root(x)]; }
};
//



//


int solve1(int n, int m) {
  priority_queue<pair<int, pair<int, int>>> pque;
  repeat(i, n-1) {
    iterate(j, i+1, n) {
      pque.emplace(-(i+j)%m, pair<int, int>(i, j));
    }
  }
  int c = 0;
  Unionfind uf(n);
  while (!pque.empty()) {
    auto p = pque.top(); pque.pop();
    if (uf.connect(p.second.first, p.second.second))
      c += -p.first;
  }
  return c;
}

ll solve2(ll n, ll m) {
  if (m <= n) return m/2;
  if (m+2 <= n*2 && m/2*2 == m) return 2ll*((m-n+2)/2)*(((m-n+2)/2)-(n%2 == 0))+n/2;
  if (m+2 <= n*2) return 2ll*((m-n+1)/2)*((m-n+1)/2+(n%2 == 1))+n/2-(n%2 == 0);
  return n*(n-1)/2;
}

int main() {
  
  {
    int t; scanner >> t;
    repeat(i, t) {
      ll a, b;
      scanner >> a >> b;
      printer << solve2(a, b) << '\n';
    }
  }
  
  // for (int n = 2; n <= 15; ++n) {
  //   for (int m = 2; m <= 50; ++m) {
  //     int a = solve1(n, m);
  //     int b = solve2(n, m);
  //     assert(a == b);
  //     // printf("%3d", a);
  //   }
  //   // cout << endl;
  // }
  // for (int n = 2; n <= 15; ++n) {
  //   for (int m = 2; m <= 30; ++m) {
  //     int a = solve2(n, m);
  //     printf("%3d", a);
  //   }
  //   cout << endl;
  // }
  
  return 0;
}