t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    d, a, b = map(int, input().split())
    num = b - a + 1
    q, r = divmod(num, d - 1)
    ans = q * (d - 1) * d // 2
    while a >= d:
        temp = 0
        while a != 0:
            temp += a % d
            a //= d
        a = temp
    if a + r <= d:
        ans += r * (a + a + r - 1) // 2
    else:
        e = (a + r) % d
        ans += (d - a) * (a + d - 1) // 2
        ans += e * (1 + e) // 2
    print(ans)