// N <= 12 では bit dp の愚直解をやる // 想定解壊れてないかチェック #include #include #include #include using namespace std; using lint = long long; lint bitdp(int N, vector A) { for (int i = N - 1; i; --i) A[i] -= A[i - 1]; vector dp(1 << N); const lint INF = (1LL << 60) - 1; for (int S = 1; S < 1 << N; ++S) { bool is_senteban = ((N & 1) == (__builtin_popcount(S) & 1)); if (is_senteban) { dp[S] = -INF; } else { dp[S] = INF; } for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { if (((S >> i) & 1) == 0) continue; int addval = 0; if (is_senteban and S - (1 << i) < (1 << i)) { int cur = i; while (cur >= 0 and ((S - (1 << i)) & (1 << cur)) == 0) { addval += A[cur]; --cur; } } if (is_senteban) { dp[S] = max(dp[S], dp[S - (1 << i)] + addval); } else { dp[S] = min(dp[S], dp[S - (1 << i)]); } } } return dp.back(); } lint ac_solution(const vector &A) { const int N = A.size(); priority_queue pq; lint last = 0; for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) { pq.push(A[i] - (i ? A[i - 1] : 0)); if (i % 2 == 0) { last += pq.top(); pq.pop(); } } return N % 2 ? last : A.back() - last; } int main() { cin.tie(nullptr); ios::sync_with_stdio(false); int T; cin >> T; while (T--) { int N; cin >> N; vector A(N); for (auto &x : A) cin >> x; sort(A.begin(), A.end()); if (N <= 12) { lint sol_brutefore = bitdp(N, A); lint ans = ac_solution(A); if (sol_brutefore != ans) { cerr << sol_brutefore << ' ' << ans << ' ' << N; for (auto a : A) cerr << ' ' << a; cerr << endl; throw; } cout << ans << '\n'; } else { cout << ac_solution(A) << '\n'; } } }