import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
	  public static void main(String[] args) {
	        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
	        int t = sc.nextInt();
	        for(int i = 0; i < t; i++){
	        	long l, r;
	        	l = sc.nextLong();
	        	r = sc.nextLong();
	        	long ans = solve(r) - solve(l - 1);
	        	System.out.println(ans % 2);
	        }
	    }
	  public static long solve(long x){
		  if(x == 0) return 0;
		  long ok = 0;
		  long ng = 1000000000 + 1;
		  long mid;
		  long ans = 0;
		  while(Math.abs(ok - ng) > 1){
			  mid = (ok + ng) / 2;
			  if (mid * mid <= x) ok = mid;
			  else ng = mid;
		  }
		  ans += ok;
		  ok = 0;
		  ng = 1000000000 + 1;
		  while(Math.abs(ok - ng) > 1){
			  mid = (ok + ng) / 2;
			  if (2 * mid * mid <= x) ok = mid;
			  else ng = mid;
		  }
		  ans += ok;
		  return ans;
	  }


}