#include #define all(v) v.begin(), v.end() #define rall(v) v.rbegin(), v.rend() #define rep(i,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n);i++) #define drep(i,j,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n-1);i++)for(int j=i+1;j<(int)(n);j++) #define trep(i,j,k,n) for(int i=0;i<(int)(n-2);i++)for(int j=i+1;j<(int)(n-1);j++)for(int k=j+1;k<(int)(n);k++) #define codefor int test;scanf("%d",&test);while(test--) #define INT(...) int __VA_ARGS__;in(__VA_ARGS__) #define LL(...) ll __VA_ARGS__;in(__VA_ARGS__) #define yes(ans) if(ans)printf("yes\n");else printf("no\n") #define Yes(ans) if(ans)printf("Yes\n");else printf("No\n") #define YES(ans) if(ans)printf("YES\n");else printf("NO\n") #define popcount(v) __builtin_popcount(v) #define vector1d(type,name,...) vectorname(__VA_ARGS__) #define vector2d(type,name,h,...) vector>name(h,vector(__VA_ARGS__)) #define vector3d(type,name,h,w,...) vector>>name(h,vector>(w,vector(__VA_ARGS__))) #define vector4d(type,name,h,w,d,...) vector>>>name(h,vector>>(w,vector>(d,vector(__VA_ARGS__)))) using namespace std; using ll = long long; templateusing rpriority_queue = priority_queue, greater>; const int MOD=1000000007; const int MOD2=998244353; const int INF=1<<30; const ll INF2=(ll)1<<60; //入力系 void scan(int& a){scanf("%d",&a);} void scan(long long& a){scanf("%lld",&a);} templatevoid scan(pair& p){scan(p.first);scan(p.second);} template void scan(T& a){cin>>a;} template void scan(vector& vec){for(auto&& it:vec)scan(it);} void in(){} template void in(Head& head, Tail&... tail){scan(head);in(tail...);} //出力系 void print(const int& a){printf("%d",a);} void print(const long long& a){printf("%lld",a);} void print(const double& a){printf("%.15lf",a);} templatevoid print(const pair& p){print(p.first);putchar(' ');print(p.second);} template void print(const T& a){cout< void print(const vector& vec){if(vec.empty())return;print(vec[0]);for(auto it=vec.begin();++it!= vec.end();){putchar(' ');print(*it);}} void out(){putchar('\n');} template void out(const T& t){print(t);putchar('\n');} template void out(const Head& head,const Tail&... tail){print(head);putchar(' ');out(tail...);} //デバッグ系 template void dprint(const T& a){cerr< void dprint(const vector& vec){if(vec.empty())return;cerr< void debug(const T& t){dprint(t);cerr< void debug(const Head& head, const Tail&... tail){dprint(head);cerr<<" ";debug(tail...);} ll intpow(ll a, ll b){ ll ans = 1; while(b){ if(b & 1) ans *= a; a *= a; b /= 2; } return ans; } ll modpow(ll a, ll b, ll p){ ll ans = 1; while(b){ if(b & 1) (ans *= a) %= p; (a *= a) %= p; b /= 2; } return ans; } ll modinv(ll a, ll m) {ll b = m, u = 1, v = 0;while (b) {ll t = a / b;a -= t * b; swap(a, b);u -= t * v; swap(u, v);}u %= m;if (u < 0) u += m;return u;} ll updivide(ll a,ll b){if(a%b==0) return a/b;else return (a/b)+1;} template void chmax(T &a,const T b){if(b>a)a=b;} template void chmin(T &a,const T b){if(b>= 1; } return r; } constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) { if (n <= 1) return false; if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true; if (n % 2 == 0) return false; long long d = n - 1; while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2; constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61}; for (long long a : bases) { long long t = d; long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n); while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {y = y * y % n;t <<= 1;} if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {return false;} } return true; } template constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n); constexpr std::pair inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) { a = safe_mod(a, b); if (a == 0) return {b, 0}; long long s = b, t = a; long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1; while (t) {long long u = s / t;s -= t * u;m0 -= m1 * u;auto tmp = s;s = t;t = tmp;tmp = m0;m0 = m1;m1 = tmp;} if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s; return {s, m0}; } constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) { if (m == 2) return 1; if (m == 167772161) return 3; if (m == 469762049) return 3; if (m == 754974721) return 11; if (m == 998244353) return 3; int divs[20] = {}; divs[0] = 2; int cnt = 1; int x = (m - 1) / 2; while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2; for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) { if (x % i == 0) {divs[cnt++] = i;while (x % i == 0) {x /= i;}} } if (x > 1) {divs[cnt++] = x;} for (int g = 2;; g++) { bool ok = true; for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) { if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {ok = false;break;} } if (ok) return g; } } template constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m); unsigned long long floor_sum_unsigned(unsigned long long n,unsigned long long m,unsigned long long a,unsigned long long b) { unsigned long long ans = 0; while (true) { if (a >= m) {ans += n * (n - 1) / 2 * (a / m);a %= m;} if (b >= m) {ans += n * (b / m);b %= m;} unsigned long long y_max = a * n + b; if (y_max < m) break; n = (unsigned long long)(y_max / m); b = (unsigned long long)(y_max % m); std::swap(m, a); } return ans; } template using is_integral = typename std::is_integral; template using is_signed_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_signed::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using is_unsigned_int = typename std::conditional::value && std::is_unsigned::value, std::true_type, std::false_type>::type; template using to_unsigned = typename std::conditional::value, std::make_unsigned, std::common_type>::type; template using is_signed_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using is_unsigned_int_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; template using to_unsigned_t = typename to_unsigned::type; struct modint_base {}; struct static_modint_base : modint_base {}; template using is_modint = std::is_base_of; template using is_modint_t = std::enable_if_t::value>; } // namespace internal template * = nullptr> struct static_modint : internal::static_modint_base { using mint = static_modint; public: static constexpr int mod() { return m; } static mint raw(int v) {mint x;x._v = v;return x;} static_modint() : _v(0) {} template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) { long long x = (long long)(v % (long long)(umod())); if (x < 0) x += umod();_v = (unsigned int)(x); } template * = nullptr> static_modint(T v) {_v = (unsigned int)(v % umod());} unsigned int val() const { return _v; } mint& operator++() {_v++;if (_v == umod()) _v = 0;return *this;} mint& operator--() {if (_v == 0) _v = umod();_v--;return *this;} mint operator++(int) {mint result = *this;++*this;return result;} mint operator--(int) {mint result = *this;--*this;return result;} mint& operator+=(const mint& rhs) {_v += rhs._v;if (_v >= umod()) _v -= umod();return *this;} mint& operator-=(const mint& rhs) {_v -= rhs._v;if (_v >= umod()) _v += umod();return *this;} mint& operator*=(const mint& rhs) {unsigned long long z = _v;z *= rhs._v;_v = (unsigned int)(z % umod());return *this;} mint& operator/=(const mint& rhs) { return *this = *this * rhs.inv(); } mint operator+() const { return *this; } mint operator-() const { return mint() - *this; } mint pow(long long n) const {assert(0 <= n);mint x = *this, r = 1;while (n) {if (n & 1) r *= x;x *= x;n >>= 1;}return r;} mint inv() const {if (prime) {assert(_v);return pow(umod() - 2);} else {auto eg = internal::inv_gcd(_v, m);assert(eg.first == 1);return eg.second;}} friend mint operator+(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return mint(lhs) += rhs;} friend mint operator-(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return mint(lhs) -= rhs;} friend mint operator*(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return mint(lhs) *= rhs;} friend mint operator/(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return mint(lhs) /= rhs;} friend bool operator==(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return lhs._v == rhs._v;} friend bool operator!=(const mint& lhs, const mint& rhs) {return lhs._v != rhs._v;} //自分で加えたもの friend istream& operator>>(istream& os,mint& rhs) noexcept { long long v; rhs = mint{(os >> v, v)}; return os; } friend constexpr ostream& operator << (ostream &os, const mint& rhs) noexcept { return os << rhs._v; } private: unsigned int _v; static constexpr unsigned int umod() { return m; } static constexpr bool prime = internal::is_prime; }; using mint=static_modint<1000000007>; using mint2=static_modint<998244353>; //重み付きUnion_Find(和) struct Weighted_dsu { public: Weighted_dsu() : _n(0) {} Weighted_dsu(int n) : _n(n), parent_or_size(n, -1),diff_weight(n,0) {} bool merge(int a, int b, long long w) { int x = leader(a), y = leader(b); if(x==y){ if(diff(a,b)==w)return true; return false; } w += diff_weight[a]; w -= diff_weight[b]; if (-parent_or_size[x] < -parent_or_size[y]) std::swap(x, y),w*=-1; parent_or_size[x] += parent_or_size[y]; parent_or_size[y] = x; diff_weight[y] = w; return true; } long long diff(int x, int y) { leader(x),leader(y); return diff_weight[y] - diff_weight[x]; } bool same(int a, int b) { return leader(a) == leader(b); } int leader(int a) { if (parent_or_size[a] < 0) return a; int r = leader(parent_or_size[a]); diff_weight[a] += diff_weight[parent_or_size[a]]; return parent_or_size[a] = r; } int size(int a) { return -parent_or_size[leader(a)]; } std::vector> groups() { std::vector leader_buf(_n), group_size(_n); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { leader_buf[i] = leader(i); group_size[leader_buf[i]]++; } std::vector> result(_n); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { result[i].reserve(group_size[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { result[leader_buf[i]].push_back(i); } result.erase( std::remove_if(result.begin(), result.end(), [&](const std::vector& v) { return v.empty(); }), result.end()); return result; } private: int _n; std::vector parent_or_size; std::vector diff_weight; }; namespace internal_scc{ template struct csr { std::vector start; std::vector elist; csr(int n, const std::vector>& edges) : start(n + 1), elist(edges.size()) { for (auto e : edges) { start[e.first + 1]++; } for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { start[i] += start[i - 1]; } auto counter = start; for (auto e : edges) { elist[counter[e.first]++] = e.second; } } }; struct scc_graph { public: scc_graph(int n) : _n(n) {} int num_vertices() { return _n; } void add_edge(int from, int to) { edges.push_back({from, {to}}); } std::pair> scc_ids() { auto g = csr(_n, edges); int now_ord = 0, group_num = 0; std::vector visited, low(_n), ord(_n, -1), ids(_n); visited.reserve(_n); auto dfs = [&](auto self, int v) -> void { low[v] = ord[v] = now_ord++; visited.push_back(v); for (int i = g.start[v]; i < g.start[v + 1]; i++) { auto to = g.elist[i].to; if (ord[to] == -1) { self(self, to); low[v] = std::min(low[v], low[to]); } else { low[v] = std::min(low[v], ord[to]); } } if (low[v] == ord[v]) { while (true) { int u = visited.back(); visited.pop_back(); ord[u] = _n; ids[u] = group_num; if (u == v) break; } group_num++; } }; for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { if (ord[i] == -1) dfs(dfs, i); } for (auto& x : ids) { x = group_num - 1 - x; } return {group_num, ids}; } std::vector> scc() { auto ids = scc_ids(); int group_num = ids.first; std::vector counts(group_num); for (auto x : ids.second) counts[x]++; std::vector> groups(ids.first); for (int i = 0; i < group_num; i++) { groups[i].reserve(counts[i]); } for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) { groups[ids.second[i]].push_back(i); } return groups; } private: int _n; struct edge { int to; }; std::vector> edges; }; } struct scc_graph { public: scc_graph() : internal(0) {} scc_graph(int n) : internal(n) {} void add_edge(int from, int to) { int n = internal.num_vertices(); assert(0 <= from && from < n); assert(0 <= to && to < n); internal.add_edge(from, to); } std::vector> scc() { return internal.scc(); } private: internal_scc::scc_graph internal; }; /*int main(){ INT(n,q); scc_graph g(n); vector>> g2(n); int u,v; rep(i,q){ in(u,v); u--,v--; g2[u].emplace_back(v,i); g.add_edge(u,v); } vector> A=g.scc(); if(A.size()==n){ out(-1); return 0; } int ans=INF; auto BFS=[&](int v,vector &a){ vector>> g2(a.size()); }; for(int i=0;i struct simple_queue { std::vector payload; int pos = 0; void reserve(int n) { payload.reserve(n); } int size() const { return int(payload.size()) - pos; } bool empty() const { return pos == int(payload.size()); } void push(const T& t) { payload.push_back(t); } T& front() { return payload[pos]; } void clear() { payload.clear(); pos = 0; } void pop() { pos++; } }; template struct mf_graph { public: mf_graph() : _n(0) {} mf_graph(int n) : _n(n), g(n) {} int add_edge(int from, int to, Cap cap) { assert(0 <= from && from < _n); assert(0 <= to && to < _n); assert(0 <= cap); int m = int(pos.size()); pos.push_back({from, int(g[from].size())}); g[from].push_back(_edge{to, int(g[to].size()), cap}); g[to].push_back(_edge{from, int(g[from].size()) - 1, 0}); return m; } struct edge { int from, to; Cap cap, flow; }; edge get_edge(int i) { int m = int(pos.size()); assert(0 <= i && i < m); auto _e = g[pos[i].first][pos[i].second]; auto _re = g[_e.to][_e.rev]; return edge{pos[i].first, _e.to, _e.cap + _re.cap, _re.cap}; } std::vector edges() { int m = int(pos.size()); std::vector result; for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { result.push_back(get_edge(i)); } return result; } void change_edge(int i, Cap new_cap, Cap new_flow) { int m = int(pos.size()); assert(0 <= i && i < m); assert(0 <= new_flow && new_flow <= new_cap); auto& _e = g[pos[i].first][pos[i].second]; auto& _re = g[_e.to][_e.rev]; _e.cap = new_cap - new_flow; _re.cap = new_flow; } Cap flow(int s, int t) { return flow(s, t, std::numeric_limits::max()); } Cap flow(int s, int t, Cap flow_limit) { assert(0 <= s && s < _n); assert(0 <= t && t < _n); std::vector level(_n), iter(_n); simple_queue que; auto bfs = [&]() { std::fill(level.begin(), level.end(), -1); level[s] = 0; que.clear(); que.push(s); while (!que.empty()) { int v = que.front(); que.pop(); for (auto e : g[v]) { if (e.cap == 0 || level[e.to] >= 0) continue; level[e.to] = level[v] + 1; if (e.to == t) return; que.push(e.to); } } }; auto dfs = [&](auto self, int v, Cap up) { if (v == s) return up; Cap res = 0; int level_v = level[v]; for (int& i = iter[v]; i < int(g[v].size()); i++) { _edge& e = g[v][i]; if (level_v <= level[e.to] || g[e.to][e.rev].cap == 0) continue; Cap d = self(self, e.to, std::min(up - res, g[e.to][e.rev].cap)); if (d <= 0) continue; g[v][i].cap += d; g[e.to][e.rev].cap -= d; res += d; if (res == up) break; } return res; }; Cap flow = 0; while (flow < flow_limit) { bfs(); if (level[t] == -1) break; std::fill(iter.begin(), iter.end(), 0); while (flow < flow_limit) { Cap f = dfs(dfs, t, flow_limit - flow); if (!f) break; flow += f; } } return flow; } std::vector min_cut(int s) { std::vector visited(_n); simple_queue que; que.push(s); while (!que.empty()) { int p = que.front(); que.pop(); visited[p] = true; for (auto e : g[p]) { if (e.cap && !visited[e.to]) { visited[e.to] = true; que.push(e.to); } } } return visited; } private: int _n; struct _edge { int to, rev; Cap cap; }; std::vector> pos; std::vector> g; }; int main(){ INT(n,q); mf_graph g(2*n); int u,v; rep(i,q){ in(u,v); u--,v--; g.add_edge(u,n+v,1); g.add_edge(n+u,n+v,1); if(g.flow(u,u+n,1)){ out(i+1); return 0; } if(g.flow(v,v+n,1)){ out(i+1); return 0; } } out(-1); }