// -*- coding:utf-8-unix -*-
// #![feature(map_first_last)]
#![allow(dead_code)]
#![allow(unused_imports)]
#![allow(unused_macros)]
use std::any::Any;
use std::cmp::Ordering::*;
use std::collections::*;
use std::convert::*;
use std::convert::{From, Into};
use std::error::Error;
use std::f64::consts::PI;
use std::fmt::Debug;
use std::fmt::Display;
use std::fs::File;
use std::hash::Hash;
use std::io::prelude::*;
use std::io::*;
use std::iter::Filter;
use std::marker::Copy;
use std::mem::*;
use std::ops::Bound::*;
use std::ops::RangeBounds;
use std::ops::{Add, Mul, Neg, Sub};
use std::process;
use std::slice::from_raw_parts;
use std::str;
use std::vec;

const INF: i64 = 1223372036854775807;
const UINF: usize = INF as usize;
// const FINF: f64 = 122337203685.0;
const LINF: i64 = 2147483647;
const FINF: f64 = LINF as f64;
const INF128: i128 = 1223372036854775807000000000000;
const MOD: i64 = 1000000007;
// const MOD: i64 = 998244353;

const MPI: f64 = 3.14159265358979323846264338327950288f64;
// const MOD: i64 = INF;

const UMOD: usize = MOD as usize;
use std::cmp::*;
use std::collections::*;
use std::io::stdin;
use std::io::stdout;
use std::io::Write;

macro_rules! p {
    ($x:expr) => {
        println!("{}", $x);
    };
}
macro_rules! d {
    ($x:expr) => {
        println!("{:?}", $x);
    };
}

// use str::Chars;

fn main() {
    solve();
}

// use str::Chars;
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> T {
    let mut s = String::new();
    std::io::stdin().read_line(&mut s).ok();
    s.trim().parse().ok().unwrap()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readi() -> (i64) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_vec<T: std::str::FromStr>() -> Vec<T> {
    read::<String>()
        .split_whitespace()
        .map(|e| e.parse().ok().unwrap())
        .collect()
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn read_mat<T: std::str::FromStr>(n: u32) -> Vec<Vec<T>> {
    (0..n).map(|_| read_vec()).collect()
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readii() -> (i64, i64) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
    )
}

fn readff() -> (f64, f64) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<f64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<f64>().unwrap(),
    )
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readiii() -> (i64, i64, i64) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
    )
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readuu() -> (usize, usize) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
    )
}

fn readcc() -> (char, char) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<char>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<char>().unwrap(),
    )
}

fn readuuu() -> (usize, usize, usize) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
    )
}
#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readiiii() -> (i64, i64, i64, i64) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<i64>().unwrap(),
    )
}

#[allow(dead_code)]
fn readuuuu() -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) {
    let mut str = String::new();
    let _ = stdin().read_line(&mut str).unwrap();
    let mut iter = str.split_whitespace();
    (
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
        iter.next().unwrap().parse::<usize>().unwrap(),
    )
}

pub struct Dsu {
    n: usize,
    // root node: -1 * component size
    // otherwise: parent
    parent_or_size: Vec<i32>,
}

impl Dsu {
    // 0 <= size <= 10^8 is constrained.
    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
        Self {
            n: size,
            parent_or_size: vec![-1; size],
        }
    }
    pub fn merge(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(a < self.n);
        assert!(b < self.n);
        let (mut x, mut y) = (self.leader(a), self.leader(b));
        if x == y {
            return x;
        }
        if -self.parent_or_size[x] < -self.parent_or_size[y] {
            std::mem::swap(&mut x, &mut y);
        }
        self.parent_or_size[x] += self.parent_or_size[y];
        self.parent_or_size[y] = x as i32;
        x
    }

    pub fn same(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize) -> bool {
        assert!(a < self.n);
        assert!(b < self.n);
        self.leader(a) == self.leader(b)
    }
    pub fn leader(&mut self, a: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(a < self.n);
        if self.parent_or_size[a] < 0 {
            return a;
        }
        self.parent_or_size[a] = self.leader(self.parent_or_size[a] as usize) as i32;
        self.parent_or_size[a] as usize
    }
    pub fn size(&mut self, a: usize) -> usize {
        assert!(a < self.n);
        let x = self.leader(a);
        -self.parent_or_size[x] as usize
    }
    pub fn groups(&mut self) -> Vec<Vec<usize>> {
        let mut leader_buf = vec![0; self.n];
        let mut group_size = vec![0; self.n];
        for i in 0..self.n {
            leader_buf[i] = self.leader(i);
            group_size[leader_buf[i]] += 1;
        }
        let mut result = vec![Vec::new(); self.n];
        for i in 0..self.n {
            result[i].reserve(group_size[i]);
        }
        for i in 0..self.n {
            result[leader_buf[i]].push(i);
        }
        result
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|x| !x.is_empty())
            .collect::<Vec<Vec<usize>>>()
    }
}

fn dfs(v: usize, graph: &Vec<Vec<(usize, usize)>>, used: &mut Vec<usize>, data: &mut Vec<usize>) {
    used[v] = 1;
    for i in graph[v].iter() {
        let nv = (*i).0;
        if used[nv] == 1 {
            continue;
        }
        data[nv] = data[v] + 1;
        dfs(nv, &graph, used, data);
    }
    return;
}
fn solve() {
    let n: usize = read();
    if n == 1 || n == 0 {
        println!("1");
        return;
    }
    let mut graph = vec![vec![(0 as usize, 0 as usize); (0) as usize]; (202020) as usize];
    for i in 0..n - 1 {
        let x: usize = read();

        let x = x as usize;
        let a = i + 1;
        let b = x - 1;

        // graph[a].push((b, 1));
        // graph[b].push((a, 1));
    }
    let mut used = vec![0; n];
    let mut data = vec![0; n];
    dfs(0, &graph, &mut used, &mut data);
    let mut res = 1;
    for i in 1..n {
        res *= data[i];
        res %= 998244353;
    }
    p!(res);
    return;
}