#ifndef CLASS_MODINT #define CLASS_MODINT #include template class modint { private: std::uint32_t n; public: modint() : n(0) {}; modint(std::int64_t n_) : n((n_ >= 0 ? n_ : mod - (-n_) % mod) % mod) {}; static constexpr std::uint32_t get_mod() { return mod; } std::uint32_t get() const { return n; } bool operator==(const modint& m) const { return n == m.n; } bool operator!=(const modint& m) const { return n != m.n; } modint& operator+=(const modint& m) { n += m.n; n = (n < mod ? n : n - mod); return *this; } modint& operator-=(const modint& m) { n += mod - m.n; n = (n < mod ? n : n - mod); return *this; } modint& operator*=(const modint& m) { n = std::uint64_t(n) * m.n % mod; return *this; } modint operator+(const modint& m) const { return modint(*this) += m; } modint operator-(const modint& m) const { return modint(*this) -= m; } modint operator*(const modint& m) const { return modint(*this) *= m; } modint inv() const { return (*this).pow(mod - 2); } modint pow(std::uint64_t b) const { modint ans = 1, m = modint(*this); while (b) { if (b & 1) ans *= m; m *= m; b >>= 1; } return ans; } }; #endif // CLASS_MODINT #include #include using namespace std; using mint = modint<998244353>; int main() { // step #1. read input int N, M; cin >> N >> M; // step #2. dynamic programming vector > dp(N + 1, vector(M + 1)); vector > dpsum(N + 2, vector(M + 1)); vector dpsum2(N + 2); dp[0][0] = 1; dpsum[1][0] = 1; dpsum2[1] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) { for (int j = 1; j <= M; j++) { int l = max(i - j + 1, 0); dp[i][j] += dpsum2[i] - dpsum2[l]; dp[i][j] -= dpsum[i][j] - dpsum[l][j]; dpsum[i + 1][j] = dpsum[i][j] + dp[i][j]; } dpsum[i + 1][0] = 1; for (int j = 0; j <= M; j++) { dpsum2[i + 1] += dpsum[i + 1][j]; } } // step #3. final answer mint subanswer = 0; for (int i = 1; i <= M; i++) { subanswer += dp[N][i]; } mint answer = mint(M).pow(N) - subanswer; cout << answer.get() << endl; return 0; }