#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
using i32 = int;
using u32 = unsigned int;
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
#define rep(i,n) for(int i=0; i<(int)(n); i++)

i64 solve(i64 R){
    i64 ans = floor(sqrt((long double)R));
    return ans;
}

int main(){
    int t; cin >> t;
    while(t --> 0){
        i64 L,R; cin >> L >> R;
        i64 ans = solve(R) + solve(R/2) + solve(L-1) + solve((L-1)/2);
        ans %= 2;
        cout << ans << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}

struct ios_do_not_sync{
    ios_do_not_sync(){
        std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
        std::cin.tie(nullptr);
    }
} ios_do_not_sync_instance;