#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#include <atcoder/modint>
using namespace atcoder;
//using mint = modint998244353;
using mint = modint1000000007;
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using pll = pair<ll, ll>;
using tlll = tuple<ll, ll, ll>;
constexpr ll INF = 1LL << 60;
template<class T> bool chmin(T& a, T b) {if (a > b) {a = b; return true;} return false;}
template<class T> bool chmax(T& a, T b) {if (a < b) {a = b; return true;} return false;}
ll safemod(ll A, ll M) {return (A % M + M) % M;}
ll divfloor(ll A, ll B) {if (B < 0) {return divfloor(-A, -B);} return (A - safemod(A, B)) / B;}
ll divceil(ll A, ll B) {if (B < 0) {return divceil(-A, -B);} return divfloor(A + B - 1, B);}
template<class T> void unique(vector<T> &V) {V.erase(unique(V.begin(), V.end()), V.end());}
template<class T> void sortunique(vector<T> &V) {sort(V.begin(), V.end()); V.erase(unique(V.begin(), V.end()), V.end());}
#define FINALANS(A) do {cout << (A) << '\n'; exit(0);} while (false)
template<class T> void printvec(const vector<T> &V) {int _n = V.size(); for (int i = 0; i < _n; i++) cout << V[i] << (i == _n - 1 ? "" : " ");cout << '\n';}
template<class T> void printvect(const vector<T> &V) {for (auto v : V) cout << v << '\n';}
template<class T> void printvec2(const vector<vector<T>> &V) {for (auto &v : V) printvec(v);}

ll solve0(ll R)
{
  ll res = 0;
  for (ll x = 1; x <= R; x *= 2)
  {
    ll tmp = divceil(sqrtl(R / x), 2);
    res += tmp;
  }
  return res;
}

ll solve(ll L, ll R) { return solve0(R) - solve0(L - 1); }

int main()
{
  ll T;
  cin >> T;
  for (ll t = 0; t < T; t++)
  {
    ll L, R;
    cin >> L >> R;

    ll ans = solve(L, R);
    cout << ans % 2 << '\n';

    //cerr << solve0(L - 1) << " " << solve0(R) << '\n';
  }
}