import java.io.PrintWriter
import java.util.*
import kotlin.math.*

fun countSquare(n: Long): Long {
    val r = sqrt(n.toDouble())
    return floor(r).toLong()
}

fun PrintWriter.solve() {
    val numCases = nextInt()
    case@ for (_i in 0 until numCases) {
        val l = nextLong()
        val r = nextLong()
        val a = countSquare(l - 1)
        val b = countSquare(r)
        val c = countSquare((l - 1) / 2)
        val d = countSquare(r / 2)
        val s = (b - a) + (d - c)
        println(s % 2)
    }
}

fun main() {
    Thread(null, {
        val writer = PrintWriter(System.out, false)
        writer.solve()
        writer.flush()
    }, "solve", abs(1L.shl(26)))
        .apply { setUncaughtExceptionHandler { _, e -> e.printStackTrace(); kotlin.system.exitProcess(1) } }
        .apply { start() }.join()
}

// region Scanner
private var st = StringTokenizer("")
private val br = System.`in`.bufferedReader()

fun next(): String {
    while (!st.hasMoreTokens()) st = StringTokenizer(br.readLine())
    return st.nextToken()
}

fun nextInt() = next().toInt()
fun nextLong() = next().toLong()
fun nextLine() = br.readLine()
fun nextDouble() = next().toDouble()
// endregion