#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
using ll = long long;
using P = pair<ll,ll>;
#define rep(i, n) for(ll i = 0; i < n; i++)
#define all(x) (x).begin(),(x).end()
template<class T>bool chmin(T&a, const T&b){if(a>b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
template<class T>bool chmax(T&a, const T&b){if(a<b){a=b;return 1;}return 0;}
ll cal(ll x){
    ll ok = 0, ng = 32000000;
    while(ng-ok>1){
        ll md = (ng+ok)/2;
        if(md*md<=x) ok = md;
        else ng = md;
    }
    return ok;
}
int main(){
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    rep(houren,t){
        ll l,r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        l--;
        cout << (cal(r)+cal(r/2)-cal(l)-cal(l/2))%2 << '\n';
    }
    return 0;
}