#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define rep(i,n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)n; i++)
#define FOR(n) for(int i = 0; i < (int)n; i++)
#define repi(i,a,b) for(int i = (int)a; i < (int)b; i++)
#define pb push_back
#define m0(x) memset(x,0,sizeof(x))
#define fill(x,y) memset(x,y,sizeof(x))
#define bg begin()
#define ed end()
#define all(x) x.bg,x.ed
//#define mp make_pair
#define vi vector<int>
#define vvi vector<vi>
#define vll vector<ll>
#define vvll vector<vll>
#define vs vector<string>
#define vvs vector<vs>
#define vc vector<char>
#define vvc vector<vc>
#define pii pair<int,int>
#define pllll pair<ll,ll>
#define vpii vector<pair<int,int>>
#define vpllll vector<pair<ll,ll>>
#define vpis vector<pair<int,string>>
#define vplls vector<pair<ll, string>>
#define vpsi vector<pair<string, int>>
#define vpsll vector<pair<string, ll>>

template<typename T>
void chmax(T &a, const T &b) {a = (a > b? a : b);}
template<typename T>
void chmin(T &a, const T &b) {a = (a < b? a : b);}

using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using ull = unsigned long long;

const ll INF = numeric_limits<long long>::max() / 2;
const ld pi = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795028;
const ll mod = 1e9 + 7;
int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1};
int dy[] = {0, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1, 1};

#define int long long

//奇数個 -- 平方数。l<=K^2<=rを満たす平方数の数。

void solve() {
    vector<int> s;
    for(int i = 1; i <= 31622777; i += 2) {
        s.push_back(i * i);
    }

    // int id = 0;
    // while(s[id] <= 94) {
    //     cout << s[id] << endl;
    //     id++;
    // }
    // return;

    int testcase;
    cin >> testcase;

    while(testcase--) {
        int l, r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        int sum = 0;
        int two = 1;
        while(two <= 1000000000000000) {
            sum += (int)(upper_bound(all(s), r / two) - lower_bound(all(s), (l + two - 1) / two));
            two *= 2;
        }
        // cout << sum << endl;
        cout << (sum&1) << endl;
    }
}

signed main() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    solve();
    return 0;
}