#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    int t;
    cin >> t;
    while (t--) {
        long long l,r;
        cin >> l >> r;
        int ans = 0;
        for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
            long long now = (1ll << i);
            long long a = (l+now-1)/now,b = r/now;
            if(b == 0) {
                break;
            }
            long long L = 0,R = 1001001001;
            while (L+1 < R) {
                long long mid = (L+R)/2;
                if(mid*mid <= b) {
                    L = mid;
                }
                else {
                    R = mid;
                }
            }
            long long L2 = 0,R2 = 1001001001;
            while (L2+1 < R2) {
                long long mid = (L2+R2)/2;
                if (mid*mid >= a) {
                    R2 = mid;
                }
                else {
                    L2 = mid;
                }
            }
            if(L%2 == 0) {
                L--;
            }
            if(L2%2 == 0) {
                L2++;
            }
            else {
                L2 += 2;
            }
            if(L2 <= L) {
                ans ^= ((L-L2)/2)%2;
                ans ^= 1;
            }
        }
        cout << ans << endl;
    }
}