T = int(input())

def counts_pow(n,M,k):
    if M==0:
        return 0
    l,r=0,M
    while(r-l>1):
        mid=(r+l)//2
        if mid**n*k<=M:
            l=mid
        else:
            r=mid
    return l

for _ in range(T):
    L, R = map(int,input().split())
    count=0
    count+=counts_pow(2,R,1)-counts_pow(2,L-1,1)
    count+=counts_pow(2,R,2)-counts_pow(2,L-1,2)
    print(count%2)