def solve(l, r):
    def check(x):
        if x == 0:
            return x
        left = 0
        right = 10**9 + 1
        while right - left > 1:
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            if mid * mid <= x:
                left = mid
            else:
                right = mid
        ret = left
        left = 0
        right = 10**9 + 1
        while right - left > 1:
            mid = (left + right) // 2
            if 2 * mid * mid <= x:
                left = mid
            else:
                right = mid
        ret += left
        return ret
    num = check(r) - check(l - 1)
    return num % 2

t = int(input())
for _ in range(t):
    l, r = map(int, input().split())
    print(solve(l, r))