import sys,math
input=lambda:sys.stdin.readline().rstrip()
def solve():
	L,R=map(float,input().split())
	ans=0
	while R>0.5:
		right=math.floor((pow(R,0.5)+1)/2)
		left=math.ceil((pow(L,0.5)+1)/2)
		ans^=(right-left+1)%2
		R/=2
		L/=2
	print(ans)
T=int(input())
for i in range(T):
	solve()