import math

def f(x):
    sq = math.isqrt(x)
    if 2*sq*sq <= x: return 0
    else: return 1

def solve():
    l, r = map(int,input().split())
    print(f(l-1)^f(r))

t = int(input())
while t > 0:
    solve()
    t -= 1