import std.conv, std.functional, std.range, std.stdio, std.string; import std.algorithm, std.array, std.bigint, std.bitmanip, std.complex, std.container, std.math, std.mathspecial, std.numeric, std.regex, std.typecons; import core.bitop; class EOFException : Throwable { this() { super("EOF"); } } string[] tokens; string readToken() { for (; tokens.empty; ) { if (stdin.eof) { throw new EOFException; } tokens = readln.split; } auto token = tokens.front; tokens.popFront; return token; } int readInt() { return readToken.to!int; } long readLong() { return readToken.to!long; } real readReal() { return readToken.to!real; } bool chmin(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t > f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } bool chmax(T)(ref T t, in T f) { if (t < f) { t = f; return true; } else { return false; } } int binarySearch(alias pred, T)(in T[] as) { int lo = -1, hi = cast(int)(as.length); for (; lo + 1 < hi; ) { const mid = (lo + hi) >> 1; (unaryFun!pred(as[mid]) ? hi : lo) = mid; } return hi; } int lowerBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a >= val)); } int upperBound(T)(in T[] as, T val) { return as.binarySearch!(a => (a > val)); } void experimentUso() { foreach (n; 1 .. 6 + 1) { // want at least as good as p foreach (p; 0 .. 1 << n) { auto dp0 = new bool[][](1 << n, 1 << n); auto dp1 = new bool[][](1 << n, 1 << n); foreach (r; 0 .. 1 << n) { ((!(p & ~r)) ? dp1[0][r] : dp0[0][r]) = true; } foreach (q; 1 .. 1 << n) foreach (r; 0 .. 1 << n) { foreach (i; 0 .. n) if (q & 1 << i) { const qq = q ^ 1 << i; const move = (1 << (i + 1)) - 1; if (!dp1[qq][r & ~move]) dp0[q][r] = true; if (!dp0[qq][r | move]) dp1[q][r] = true; } } if (dp1[(1 << n) - 1][0]) { writeln(iota(n).map!(i => "01"[p >> i & 1])); } } } } enum INF = 10L^^18; long brute(const(long[]) B) { const N = cast(int)(B.length); auto dp = new long[][](1 << N, 1 << N); foreach (i; 0 .. N) { foreach (r; 0 .. 1 << i) { dp[0][r | 1 << i] = dp[0][r] + B[i]; } } foreach (q; 1 .. 1 << N) foreach (r; 0 .. 1 << N) { if ((N - popcnt(q)) % 2 == 0) { // 1 dp[q][r] = -INF; foreach (i; 0 .. N) if (q & 1 << i) { chmax(dp[q][r], dp[q ^ 1 << i][r | ((1 << (i + 1)) - 1)]); } } else { // 0 dp[q][r] = +INF; foreach (i; 0 .. N) if (q & 1 << i) { chmin(dp[q][r], dp[q ^ 1 << i][r & ~((1 << (i + 1)) - 1)]); } } } return dp[$ - 1][0]; } long solve(const(long[]) B) { const N = cast(int)(B.length); long ans; if (N % 2 != 0) { ans += B[0]; BinaryHeap!(Array!long) que; for (int i = 1; i < N; i += 2) { que.insert(B[i]); que.insert(B[i + 1]); ans += que.front; que.removeFront; } } else { ans += B[N - 1]; BinaryHeap!(Array!long, "a > b") que; for (int i = N - 2; i > 0; i -= 2) { que.insert(B[i]); que.insert(B[i - 1]); ans += que.front; que.removeFront; } } return ans; } void experiment() { foreach (n; 1 .. 6 + 1) { auto bs = new long[n]; foreach (i; 0 .. n) { bs[i] = 1 << i; } do { const brt = brute(bs); const sol = solve(bs); writeln(bs, ": ", iota(n).map!(i => ((brt & bs[i]) ? '1' : '0')), " ", brt, " ", sol); assert(popcnt(brt) == (n + 1) / 2); if (n % 2 != 0) { assert(brt == sol); } else { assert(brt & bs[n - 1]); assert(brt == sol); } } while (bs.nextPermutation); } } void main() { debug { experiment; } try { for (; ; ) { const numCases = readInt; foreach (caseId; 0 .. numCases) { const N = readInt; auto A = new long[N]; foreach (i; 0 .. N) { A[i] = readLong; } A.sort; auto B = A.dup; foreach_reverse (i; 1 .. N) { B[i] -= B[i - 1]; } const ans = solve(B); writeln(ans); debug { const brt = brute(B); writeln("B = ", B); writeln("brt = ", brt); } } } } catch (EOFException e) { } }