import java.io.PrintWriter
import scala.collection.mutable.*
import scala.io.StdIn.*
import scala.util.chaining.*
import scala.math.*
import scala.reflect.ClassTag
import scala.util.*
import scala.annotation.tailrec
import scala.collection.mutable
import scala.language.strictEquality

@main def main =
  inline val MOD = 998244353
  val n = readLine.toInt
  val parent = Array.fill(n - 1){readLine.toInt - 1}
  val children = Array.fill(n){ArrayBuffer[Int]()}
  for (p, i) <- parent.zipWithIndex do
    children(p).addOne(i + 1)
  val depth = Array.fill(n){0}
  val queue = mutable.ArrayDeque[Int](0)
  while queue.nonEmpty do
    val top = queue.removeHead()
    for child <- children(top) do
      depth(child) = depth(top) + 1
      queue.append(child)
  val result = depth.foldLeft(1L){(acc, v) => acc * max(v, 1) % MOD}
  println(result)